Second Amendment Rights Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Second Amendment Rights - Essay Exampletatement of the Second Amendment of Right to Bear weapons could be considered both general and quite unstable as to saying who is allowed and is not allowed to own a gun. Appargonntly, the word militia in the context of the released law does not only refer to the federal officials nevertheless to anyone who has been trained to handle a gun. In some cases, the explanation of a militia even refers to a community of reserved soldiers.1 These reserved soldiers are members of the community considered as individuals who are ready to fight for the land in case emergency national needs require them to be a federal agency of the uncouths defence. 2This is of course a result of serious consideration however, noting who these reserves may be has not been specifically stated in the law created about gun ownership guidelines.Apparently, the unstated guideline as to who exactly are plainly allowed to own a gun around the 49 states of America do the Sec ond Amendment rather debatable. Believably, it is through this particular loop hole in this particular law that the owners of guns who are less responsible are able to live away from the seriousness of what they have done disrespect the fact that somehow, they may have created certain differential analogy of the second amendment giving them quite an easier plectrum of running away from the punishment that they ought to receive in connection with the law in concern.As an top(prenominal) tier law, the second amendment of rights in the United States gave an allowable bearing upon those who have their own guns as a measure of self defence and response to possible national security threats.3 Although the law allowed even customary people to own their arms, they must still be able to register their possessions in an agreeable matter written on paper that they are to use the guns only when necessary such as situations when their safe is under threat or if the national security commiss ion ordered them to be a part of the civilian soldiers as

Problems with Sentimental Art Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Problems with kitschy Art - Research Paper ExampleSame way this world is also filled with dishy things and ugly things. Artists often exhibit the beautiful side of this world. However, there argon instances in which artists create assorted art forms which may provoke sentiments knowingly or unknowingly, rather than pleasant relishs. These sentiments may cause spacious damages in the remaining life of the art spectator. In other words sentimental humanities cause more damages to the art viewer than goods. This paper analyses the problems with sentimental arts. (Gatalo, p.21) mushyity is an ambiguous design and it is defined as an emotional disposition that idealizes its object for the sake of emotional gratification and that is inherently stooping because it is grounded in epistemic and moral error (Gatalo, p.22). The above picture, Roses for Stalin, portrayed by Boris Vladimirsky extracts so many sentiments in the minds of the viewer. The above art is not generating any s ense of beauty in the minds of the viewer whereas it generates lot of sentiments. In other words, this art failed to fulfil its basic and moral responsibility of satisfying the viewer through its beauty. In other words, it gave more importance to sentiments rather than beauty. A person who watches this art may develop the dour memories of Stalin era and subsequently his mental agony could be intensified. Roses for Stalin is anomalous, even among sentimental artworks, because the judgments it urges us to accept are so step forwardrageous. Stalins identity as a historical figure so sharply contradicts how he is represented in the painting that it renders this depiction preposterous, if not offensive. This is such an obtrusive and distracting feature of the work that it cancels out the possibility of any serious aesthetic engagement with it. Most significantly this undermines the paintings emotional powera savvy viewer cannot partake of the warm feelings it is meant to inspire. Inso far as this feeling is central to the design and meaning of the work, this falsity amounts to its aesthetic failure. (Gatalo, p.26). Sentimental emotions are entirely different from standard emotions. while standard emotions always generate pleasant and unpleasant feelings, sentimental emotions always generate corrupted feelings. Sentimental emotions are corrupted because of its inability in judging things with the help of sound reasoning. In other words, sentiments are always motivated emotionally rather than pointually. The picture, Roses for Stalin, forces the viewer to think about the positive sides of Stalin era and it only avoids the memories about the negative sides of Stalin era. In other words, the above picture is a deliberate attempt to portray Stalin as a saint. In short, sentimental arts often glorify a person or scene. It may keep a blind eye towards the negative aspects of the person or the scene. It is an accepted fact that during Stalin era, Soviet Union faced s evere problems. However, the above picture may not remind the viewer about such things. Anxious Mother A piece of sentimental art about a young girl putting her dolls to bed (Antique Photos - Sentimental and Fine Art) In the above sentimental picture, a young girl is portrayed as putting her dolls in bed. The above painting will unquestionably reminds us about our childhood. The emotion in the face of the girl portrayed in this picture is very(prenominal) sad. It reminds us the feeling of a lonely girl who tries to keep company with dolls. In other words, feeling of loneliness is the major

The concept of science fiction in cinema Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

The concept of science fiction in cinema - Essay ExampleAdditionally, all paths atomic number 18 never match because the path completed last presupposes the other paths. The paths are also not equal given that the path completed last is the least hypothetical. The above rules of the game represent the salient features of cinematographic storytelling. gibe to Cornea, the forking-path movies are based on the seven forking-path conventions (170). The assertion that forking paths are clear is symbolic and it indicates that career is a risk because man is faced with diverse and unprecedented events on a daily basis. slightly of the occurrences could end mans life inadvertently. This notwithstanding, the movie, The Matrix movie, shows that it is possible for an incident to be analyzed to an finis that its proximate cause and the possible effect is established.2.The least compelling idea from the course reading is that scholars ought to overhaul long hours exploring a single idea ins tead of balancing on the tie top portion out to m whatever phenomena in life. The tradition is flawed and must not be adopted by any learner because it is counterproductive in entirety. For instance, the film shows the significance of understanding much on eye style with regard to cinematography. There is a need for the characters to understand on the mode of eye contact to exert the course of action in a movie. The eye behavior of the actors enables the audience to understand the plot and the menstruate of the movie.in this regard, the tradition is relevant with regard to movie quality.

Management in Robin Hood band Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Management in Robin toughie passel - Essay ExampleHe selected four lieutenants, where one was placed in charge of cognition and scouting, the other one responsible for maintain discipline among the members of the hoop, the third one entrusted with the role of managing the finances of the doughnut and the last lieutenant authorized to undertake the provisioning of the ever increasing rope. The purpose/value statement of the band was Rob the rich and give to the poor (Lampel, 1). However, the band did non live up to its mission and at last wanted to change from confiscating of goods to start taxing the plenty. This was a point of failure, since the band lost its purpose and mission, a fact that served to weaken its fight against the Sherriff. The key stakeholders were the members of the band, the enemy who was the Sherriff, the political allies and friends of the Sherriff, the rich merchants and traders and the not so well-up village people. Each of the stakeholders had their expectations. The band members expected to defeat the Sherriff, the village people expected their interests to be fought for by the band, the Sherriff expected to defeat the band and the allies of the Sherriff expected to remain in power. ... le, when the leader suggested the taxation of the people in order to make enough finances to fund the bands operation, the band members opposed to the taxation of the people, whom they considered their allies. The threats to the band were the decline in the sources of supplies for their food and finances, as well as the increased growth in susceptibility of their enemy, the Sherriff. The opportunities open to the band was its collaboration with the barons who were against Prince John, a conspiracy that would earn the band forthcoming amnesty. The key issues arising from the abridgment is the inappropriateness of the leadership style applied by the bandleader. A one-man leadership style did not seem to work, especially as the number of the ba nd grew to enormous. Lack of commitment to the mission and purpose of the band is yet another issue. Another issue is that the band lacked a plan and a projection of the future growth crisis of the band, as well as the decline in their financial and food resources. The underlying mind for the bands organization then becomes, can the band overcome all the challenges facing it and stay committed to its runway of fighting the Sherriff? Applying the five-factor model on the management of the band, thither is a perceived fulfillment of the requirements of some elements of the model. For example, there is a high degree of sociability in the bands management, a high level of thoughtfulness as indicated by the deep thinking portrayed by the bands leader, emotional instability and anxiety is also present, as demonstrated by the anxiety that the leader has. Openness is yet another trait portrayed by the leader of the band, in terms of his imagination and insights (Lampel, 2). However, one e lement, as required by the five-factor model is lacking in the

Strategic Management and Strategic Competitiveness Research Paper - 3

Strategic Management and Strategic combat - Research Paper ExampleThis paper illustrates that globalization is the process of improving the interactivity of the social, political interdependence, cultural, financial economical and incorporation of markets that are triggered by the development of technologies in the communication and transport sector at the a equal(p) time liberalizing trade. Globalization together with the unparalleled change in technology has led to a enfeebling of the borders from the States control. There is an increase in the volume of cigar and money at an alarming rate which kills the tobacco industry. humbug tobacco products are smuggled into the State by organized criminals. There are various networks of companies, people, and groups who surround taxes and royalties to bring in fake cigarettes which look similar to the genuine products. As a result, they trade like any other conjunctions products hence killing the revenue collected by the company. The products change by these smugglers cost much lower than the genuine products. With globalization and technological change, the products can be intentional in a way, that one cannot differentiate them genuine products. The taxes can be avoided easily with fake enfranchisement which can pass for the real documents. Application of the industrial organization model and resource-based model by Marlboro level to earn above average returns can be done in various ways. First, with the application of the industrial organization model, Marlboro firm can make use of alliances with other cigarettes manufactures to form an association like a cartel. Since the organized cooperate more with other close competitors in the tobacco industry, this will reduce the opportunity of the collaboration to lift the revenues of the firm. Moreover, the firm can also make good use of its resource-based model by differentiating their products and making it known to the customers about the genuine products an d how to separate from the fake products. All it takes are the internal resources of the company to implement strategies that can easily reduce cases of smuggling. In addition, the government regulatory controls can be partnered with, by the company by having agents or inspectors who are able to draw a clear line betwixt fake and genuine products.

Book Explores Ways Faith Is Kept, or Lost, Over Generations Essay

phonograph record Explores shipway Faith Is Kept, or Lost, Over Generations - Essay ExampleThe advice provided to parents is to give religious freedom to their children at a time they offer their teachings and explain the importance of righteousness through actions and not hypocrisy. This freedom will make the early days still maintain going to church and holding on to their faith even if they change churches from what their parents go to. Children are in a better position to follow their parents teachings on religion more than youth and also teachings about religion coming from the paternal gradient are more cemented and followed compared to that from maternal side although this view sometimes changes depending on religion.I agree with the author on the issue of children following their parents religion and faith more than the youth. This is majorly influence by the growth and development liberation coming with adolescence and wanting to search for themselves the truth behin d religion and hence the need to move to other churches. After the process of rediscovery and emergence up, those with staunch religious background and good example eventually return to religion and faith.Oppenheimer, M. (January 31st, 2014). Book Explores Ways Faith Is Kept, or Lost, Over Generations. The New York Times. Retrieved from

Animal Rights Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

sensual Rights - Essay ExampleUnfortunately, there atomic number 18 many animals out there who are neglected and abused (Wilson). There are various ways, which cause animal abuse or cruelty. Some of the ways implicate hunting, animal testing, fur trading, use of animals in sports, factory farming, and use of animals for entertainment purposes. Some ways of show cruelty towards animals are termed as active cruelty in which a person or a group of people intentionally hurts an animal. For example, there is a game played in Spain in which a person fights with a bull and tortures the bull until d eradicateh. This is a very unpleasant and cruel behavior towards animals. To purloin such behaviors and other forms of cruelty, animal rights activists raise their voice. This is the most intense degree of animal cruelty, which needs to be taken seriously not only by the animal rights activists but alike by the presidential term of such countries where such incidents occur.Let us take ano ther(prenominal) example of animal cruelty. It is a fact that a dairy cow must give birth frequently in order to be equal to(p) to produce milk. In todays farming industry, the dairy awe are made significant by artificial insemination so that they are able to give birth every year. The duration of pregnancy for a cow is the same as humans, that is, nine months. Thus, giving birth every year is a very tiresome job for a cow. Moreover, in some countries, people give special drugs to their cow and goats that even off these animals produce milk much more than they can produce naturally. Although, use of such drugs engenders cows produce more milk, they adversely affect the mental and physical health of cows. When the production of milk is greater than the quantity of calcium made in the cows body, it causes calcium deficiency. In addition, these cows are also slaughtered for human consumption just when they reach the age of 2 to 3 years. Zoo animals are another example of the en trancement of animal rights. In some countries, there is no proper management of zoological parks and animals are not given proper diet that they need to remain healthy. This is an extreme violation of animal rights because people earn money through animals that they keep under custody but do not give required attention towards their diet and health. In natural environments, animals are drop off to eat their desired food but when they are kept in zoos, they do not feel free and this affects their eating habits too. Animals are also used to transport heavy luggage from one place to another. Animals are animals, they cannot say no to their owners and even if they show some resistance due to weakness, their owners beat them and forcefully make them carry heavy loads. This is a very harsh example of the violation of animal rights.Summing it up, it is very unkind to violate the rights of animals. The acts like using animals for carrying heavy loads, keeping them in zoos, and using arti ficial means to make them produce more milk fall under the

Portfolio, this is for ELS program Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Portfolio, this is for ELS program - Essay manakinMy portfolio, as stated earlier is organized topic wise. These are the particular topics that have been covered in English Language studies. A t fitted of contents that show the specific and their particular page numbers. couple up with their individual sub topics, this table of contents will act as a use up to where to find the specific information that needs to be evaluated. Folders have likewise been used to separate the sections of my work. This folders garter to give a systematic arrangement of the samples that have been attached in this portfolio. Pictures of the specific assignments and tasks have also been attached in order to give a first hand recount of what the course was all(prenominal) about and the individual tasks that have been given and discussed.English Language studies is an advanced writing course that teaches sentences and multi separate essay writing. It also offers practiced of the specific topics of inte rest in the course. The course is a practical peerless that tends to involve the learners in every activity done. The activities are in terms of home works, assignments, timed writing, in class activities, peer evaluation and also writing assignments which all help to rectify learners writing skills in English. The course focused on various topics that have been sampled in this portfolio. It helped to develop abilities onHere we were able to learn more about noun phrases. Also the structure of these types of phrases was also focused on. We were given examples and samples of the phrases to help improve our understanding of Noun phrases. Apart from the structure, we also learnt on what the noun phrase are made up of the place and the tail. The head is what determines the shape and use of the particular noun phrase. The position of noun phrases in sentences was also focused on. The position of these noun phrases helps to determine the

Marketing Strategy Group Project Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Marketing Strategy Group Project - engagement ExampleAt this juncture, appropriate hypothesis statements have been structured and the specifications of the most suitable research methodology identified. This section deals with tools and techniques of collecting information. In addition, data organization will be carried out in this section. The questionnaires use in this part aims at measuring the probability that the subject market will respond positively to the business move intended by the company. To measure this construct, it would be appropriate to apply questionnaires that solicit vary opinions from the respondents. Single item scales force respondents into making subjective responses due to lack of choices (Nigel, 2007). Therefore, multi item scales like Likert and invariable sum scale will serve the purpose of providing varied responses from the interviewees. Questionnaires of varied types used below completely aims at providing information on the level of preference he ld by the students at Nova campuses. Questionnaire 1 Have you incessantly conductd Dunkin doughnuts in your life? yesno (Forced) 2 Would you like Dunkin Donuts Company to establish a food stand at your campus? yesno (Forced) 3 How many times go you buy Dunkin Donuts in a week? 1-2 times3-4 times4-6 timesDaily (Non Forced) 4 At what time of the day would you like to consume the companys donuts? MorningAfternoonEvening (Closed Ended) 5 view as your opinion concerning the hygienic step of Dunkins donuts? (Open Ended) 6 Dunkin Donuts are delicious and sweet Strongly go forAgreeNeutral disagreeStrongly Disagree (Likert) 7 Most students would appreciate presence of Dunkin Donuts in the campus Strongly Agree AgreeNeutralDisagreeStrongly Disagree (Likert) 8 How would you rate the companys food prep services? Very GoodGoodFairPoorVery Poor (Likert) 9 Give your opinion concerning the companys donut prices. Expensive Inexpensive (Semantic Differential) 10 Describe the companys po int of sale services. Fast Slow (Semantic Differential) 11 Describe the companys product specifications and characteristics Donut Taste, 30 Donut Quality, 20 Donut shape, 25 Donut colour, 25. Total Points= 100. (Constant Sum Scale) b) Administering Questionnaires In all research process, the success of a research exercises depends on the method used to administer data assemblage exercise. In a survey exercise, a researcher should choose an appropriate venue and context for administering questionnaires. In this context of Dunkin Donuts, the most appropriate method of administering questionnaires to the students would be in a social gathering, especially during actor (Bruce & David, 2011). The researcher would inclose the students with there questions before or during meal breaks. Administration of questionnaires in a void and meal breaks allow a researcher to collect objective responses from the respondents. In addition, a researcher should present questionnaires in a rele vant environment as this will increase the chances of obtaining honest opinions from the respondents. On the contrary, formation of questionnaires in an informal setting like during meal breaks may present some disadvantages that might incite reliability of the obtained results. Questionnaires require a substantial amount of time to fill and

Colonial theory questions and joe turners come and gone Essay

Colonial theory questions and joe turners come and gone - experiment ExampleThe drama also chronicles the conflicts of slavery, identity, favouritism and racism and migration that the African-Americans had to deal with during the western colonization. Generally, the events in the play award the kind of life that Africans were exposed to during the period of western colonization. The three main themes covered by the play are identity, migration and racial segregation. Racial Discrimination During the colonial period, western countries established colonies on other continents with the labor of making profit, expanding their territories and power, and for political and religious reasons. In Africa, the move of the western nations to colonize the continent exposed Africans to slavery, migration, discrimination and loss of African identity (Bloom, 135). Thus, in his play, August Wilson highlights the oppressions that the African people were exposed to during the colonial period. comp arable to the period of western colonization, August Wilson, in his play presents African-Americans as being exploited and discriminated against by the whites. And, honourable as Africans were forced to emigrate to other areas due to racial discrimination, August presents the life in the American South as marred with intense discrimination thus forcing some African-Americans such as Martha to migrate to Pennsylvania.

Evaluation of tasks conducted at work placement Essay

Evaluation of tasks conducted at work placement - Essay Example much(prenominal) meetings involved discussions on eating habits, exercise period, etc, which allowed the team to understand the condition of athlete in a better manner.It was an observation that athletes flexibility training was another key indicator in allowing the team to custody the athletes away from any injury throughout the season, and more the athletes involved themselves in the training, the more they avoided any sizeable fatigue or soreness. In addition, analysis indicated that honesty was one of the major factors that played a merry role in monitoring them and managing the database, and I am glad that the players were very truthful and cooperative in submitting their information on weekly basis. Another important phase of the task was to record the data on weekly basis and monitor the RPE training loads of the athletes. The database required submission of every information regarding the athlete, which would subject in their weekly order after various calculations. Such rating helped the department in preparing rating chart of the whole team for every week, as well as the group average, which enabled us to smother a red flag to players in case of their higher rating on consistent basis.In brief, higher RPE rating of players was an indication of lack of energy, lower performance, chances of any injury, etc. Such monitoring enabled us to keep in contact with the players, and discuss with them any reasons of possible injury. In addition, it allowed the department to collaborate with the health check department to formulate a plan to ensure optimum level of fitness of the players. Moreover, this weekly subroutine included competition of players with each other based on the coachs ratings where the player with octet would be the lowest scorer, and thirty-two would be the best scorer. Subsequently, both coachs and RPEs ratings were

Paraphrasing this essay so no one find it plagiarism

Paraphrasing this so no one find it plagiarism - Essay physical exertionThere ar three major enthusiasts of the northward Face including men and women who are between the ages of 18 and 35 and fall within and the higher class of their socioeconomic classes. It is thought that these customers emerge as the about profitable as well as brand loyal. The customers are also realized to become more concerned with reliability and their well maintenance of their outdoor gear just due to their outdoor lifestyles that are active. The health conscious customers would be the second group to focus with the advertisement. The group that mainly belongs to the upper/ nub socioeconomic brackets is mainly composed of men and women within the ages of 25 and 50. The third group of focus is this that consists of twain men and women in 50s to 70s and fall in the lower to upper socioeconomic brackets.The company maintains a apt(p) innovative product design by doing things differently. As a result, th e North Face takes advantage of the position that it is a highly respected leader in the industry as well as being considered highly priced in the industry to maintain their loyal customers. The consistent development and introduction of new products is the rattling good example of the North Faces advantage. The looks, style, durability and quality of the product have been established to be the strongest attributes to The North Faces value position. The customer has found a good position in the market against its competitors as to raise sustainable, durable,, as well as high-quality products. These are products that can withstand harsh climatic conditions last longer. The main reason that this company wants to be providing high-quality products is because they want their customers to feel secure when making the purchases. This has been a good and prospering way for the company to maintain their company trust. They have these marketing strategies that are meant to go beyond the competitors as well as going beyond and above the expectations of the

How Nursing Informatics has Affected the Telehealth Industry in the Research Paper

How breast feeding information science has Affected the Tele health Industry in the Past 5 Years - Research Paper ExampleTelehealth technologies as well have both clinical and nonclinical practice sessions. Few clinical uses for telehealth technologies include transmitting images for assessment and diagnosis, transmitting clinical data for assessment, diagnosis, or disease management, providing disease prevention and promotion of good health, using telephonic health advice in emergent cases, and using real time picture show (McGonigle & Mastrian, 2009, p. 290). These can be applied in numerous cases, from health education down to consultation and management. Clinical application of such technologies is seen to greatly upbeat the client and the care providers as well. Telehealth technologies are also used in nonclinical settings. For instance, distance learning by such engineering science is at a time offered by several academic institutions around the globe. Conferences among telehealth workers can also be done, as well as information gathering and data management. Tele nurse Nursing information processing in Telehealth When nurses use telehealth engine room in providing care to patients, the term telenursing comes into place, which is defined by the International Council of Nurses (ICN) as the use of telecommunications technology in nursing to enhance patient care involves the use of electromagnetic channels to transmit voice, data, and video communication signals (as cited in American Telemedicine Associtation ATA, n.d.). This modernization has changed the delivery of nursing care and interventions to certain clients. The presence of telenursing has precondition impact to several areas in practice of the field, and seeing its benefits, nursing organizations have expressed their encouragement in the use of such... This essay approves that the presence of telenursing has given impact to several areas in practice of the field, and seeing its benefits, nursing organizations have expressed their encouragement in the use of such technologies. Both informatics nurses and telenurses are instantly seen as rising nursing opportunities that could improve the practice. Several hospitals immediately have telemonitoring equipments, bedside terminals, and automated clinical records existence used by nurses, with systems varying depending on the complexity of the unit, needs of the patients, and the resources of the hospital.This report makes a conclusion that technology has innovated so many systems in the modern world, that it has invaded even the health care system. The telehealth industry is used in both clinical and nonclinical areas through several ways that would foremost benefit the clients and the health providers as well. Nursing informatics used in the delivery of care has been further enhanced by telehealth, in what is now known as telenursing. Telenursing allows nurses to care for more clients in a lesser amount of time conde scension distance through telemonitoring and tele-home care in communities. Formal education is also offered by some schools nowadays in order to enhance nursing competency in IT-based patient care. Indeed, the merge of nursing informatics and the telehealth industry changes nursing care delivery to clients, and will continue to change as the field advances.

Global Business - Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words - 1

Global Business - - appellation ExampleAt the same time, a SWOT analysis and a PEST analysis fuddle been employed for revealing the potentials of the organization to improve its performance through internationalization. Three different methods for entering the trade chosen ar presented. It is concluded that the expansion of the firm in a foreign market could passing support the increase of its profitability but only if certain terms are met, as indicatively highlighted in the sections that follow. In any case, it seems that the continuous monitoring of the relevant process is necessary for avoiding unexpected failures.One of the well-nigh important characteristics of the world(prenominal) market is its high competitiveness, a fact that has been related to the expansion of globalization (Griffin 2008). At this point, the following issue appears how the potential of a firm to face the challenges of the global environment can be measured? The use of strategic tools, as those pres ented above, could possibly help towards this direction. Still, it is necessary to refer also to the global market trends in regard to the industrial sector involved (Nummela 2010). In the case under examination, tension should be given on the electronics industry. The global electronic industry is characterized by trends for harvest-time. In fact for 2013 the growth of the industry has been estimated to 5.4% (QFinance 2012) with trends for further growth in the years that follow. Of course, the influence of the recent recession on the finical industry has been severe, as also in all industries worldwide. Still, it seems that the potentials of the particular industry to face market pressures are important, even if not all parts of this industry has presented signs of growth (QFinance 2012). The above facts are critical when having to treasure the potential prospects of Elecdynes internationalization process. In case that the firm had tried to expand but in different environmenta l conditions, meaning the trends in the

Wastewater Management Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Wastewater Management - Essay ExampleConsidering the sewerage systems, earlier sewer systems were combined. They were designed to enable the collection of sanitary and storm sewer water in a single system. As such, they prevented flooding by warding off water from roofs and streets. As a result, early sanitarians think that the combined systems did provide adequate health protection. In recent times, this is known as Attached increment Processes. Wastewater passes over a media along with air (oxygen). Methods like trickling filters and biotowers are effective in removing perishable organic wastewater materials. However effective these methods are, the passage of organic matter over oxygen releases several(prenominal) pollutants like poisonous gases like Ammonia and infectious micro-organisms that contaminate the water causing deadly diseases. there are advanced tertiary methods like the addition of chemical to primary clarifiers as a charge of removing phosphorus and nitrogen . However, this is viewed as advanced treatment method hence employed when some specific wastewater constituents cannot be removed. An example of an advanced method is the Bardenpho-plant that involves the passage of Ammonia gas through several zones (Assano, 2007).

Security Basics Essay Example for Free

Security basic principle EssayHardw atomic number 18 firewalls argon integrated into the router that sits between a computer and the Internet. They typically use parcel filtering, which means they s digest packet headers to determine their source, origin, destination addresses and check with the existing user defined rules to mould an allow/deny decision. . Speed Hardware firewalls are tailored for faster response times, so it can handle more traffic loads. Security A firewall with its own operating system is less given over for attacks. This in turn reduces the security risk and in addition, hardware firewalls have enhanced security controls. No Interference Since the hardware firewall is an isolated entanglement comp one(a)nt, it can be managed better, and does not load or retardent other applications. The firewall can be moved, shutdown, or reconfigured with minimal interference to the network.Fortinet firewall. Its the most prominent hardware firewall proposed by Gartn er technology research group which is widely used for Internet security. The key features of Fortinet hardware firewall are trespass Prevention System (IPS) The IPS monitors network activities for despiteful or unwanted behavior and can react, in real-time, to draw a blank or prevent those activities. AntiVirus/AntiSpyware/AntiMalware The advanced Antivirus technology en veritables real-time protection against a multitude of attacks at the network gateway. Support two types VPN (SSL, Ipsec or Site-to- localise) with bi-directional content filtering. Inspects all major protocols like SMTP, POP3, IMAP, FTP, HTTP.Software firewalls are installed on individual servers. They intercept each connection request and then determine whether the request is valid or not. Software firewall carry out all requests by utilise the server resources. Apart from performance limitation, the software firewall has many favours.While comparing with the hardware firewalls, software firewalls are eas ier to configure and setup. Through the software firewall, we can secure some specific application from the Internet. This makes the software firewall more flexible. The software firewall give users complete control on theirInternet traffic through a nice user friendly interface that requires little or no knowledge. Linux, CSF (ConfigServer Firewall) provides proven security via the control panels like cPanel, DirectAdmin and Webmin. From there, its quite easy to modify configurate files and stop, start and start the applications. This makes configuring and managing the software firewall very simple. For windows, its recommended to stick on with the default windows software firewall because the third party software firewall result make the server overloaded and this leads to poor server performance. line of work 2McAfee, Panda, Norton, AVG, and Kaspersky all provides trail versions for their products. sole(prenominal) Panda, and AGV offer free versions of their software. Trojans horse programs in computing is generally a non-self-replicating type of malware program containing cattish code that, when executed, carries out actions determined by the nature of the Trojan, typically causing loss or theft of data, and possible system harm. This is usually contracted ironically when trying to rid your pc of viruses through online billets which are fakes and in fact introduce you to one. Malicious email attachments are a way for a sender to transmit files to another user via email.In a similar way to junk mail advance in your door at home, email users regularly receive unsolicited emails from unknown senders. These emails can practically contain links to malicious web sites or have attachments containing malicious software. Usually contracted from gap emails from known unknown sources. Drive-by- downloads A drive-by download refers to the unintentional download of a virus or malicious software (malware) onto your computer or mobile device. A drive-by downloa d will usually take advantage of (or exploit) a browser, app, or operating system that is out of date and has a security flaw. You give rise this by visiting websites running malicious codes.Task 3Full Backups are- a complete reliever of everything you want back up. Restoration is extremely fast because youre only backing up one set. Drawback is the backing up process is slow, and requires high storage. Differential Backups look at which files you have changed since your digest effective backup and then creates copies of all the files different from thatone. Faster to create than full backups, restoration is faster than using incremental backup, and not as much storage is required as a full backups. Drawbacks are restoration is slower than a fullback, and creating differential backup is slower than creating an incremental backup. Incremental Backup- creates copies of all the files, or parts of files that have changed since the previous backups of any type. This method is the fas test when creating a backup, and requires the least storage musculus quadriceps femoris.Drawbacks its the slowest for restoration because it may require several sets of data to fully restore. Backups should be stored off-site because its a secured way of keeping files away from hackers, and potential virus, its always important to check to make sure it still functional. A cold backup site is little more than an appropriately configured space in a building. Everything required to restore service to your users must be procured and delivered to the site before the process of recovery can begin. As you can imagine, the delay going from a cold backup site to full operation can be substantial. There are the least expensive to maintain.A immediate backup site is already stocked with hardware representing a reasonable facsimile of that found in your data center. To restore service, the last backups from your off-site storage facility must be delivered, and bare metal restoration complete d, before the real work of recovery can begin. Hot backup sites have a virtual mirror image of your current data center, with all systems configured and waiting only for the last backups of your user data from your off-site storage facility. As you can imagine, a hot backup site can often be brought up to full production in no more than a few hours. Hot backup site are the most expensive approach to disaster recovery.Task 4The password I choice to use was Dont worry about what conduct brings to you worry about how youre going to deal with itDwawlbtywahygtdwi24

Compare and contrast the ways Essay Example for Free

Compare and contrast the ways EssayStanhope and capital of North Carolina are absolutely different characters. Stanhope is experienced and confident and Raleigh is naive and doesnt imbibe much(prenominal) a long experience in army that Stanhope has. only when also you can find something standardized in stories of their lives. Their childhood, which they spent together. They went to the same school and their families were friends long time ago. At the beginning of the play Capitan Stanhope is pre directed as a brilliant commander and at the same way as an alcoholic. This quotation drinking deal a fish, means that Stanhope cannot live without alcohol just, as a fish cannot survive without water.It shows liter tout ensembley that he forget die without alcohol. This one Without being doped with whiskey Id go mad with fright shows that has to be dunk to get through the war without the fear. besides Hardy say that hes called a drunkard. That also means that he is in love with alcohol. But while Hardy jokes, Osborne defends Stanhope and describes him as the best company commander weve ever got.Moreover, from Osborne we found out that uncoiled after school Stanhope joined the army and became an amazing commander. Also, one of the officers said that he is a smart as a whip chap. It shows that Stanhope has mans qualities.We also pick up a few more lucubrate about the character of Stanhope from Osborne he has never rested, his nerves have got battered to bits. This shows us the nature of Stanhope. succor lieutenant Raleigh has a complete opposite character than Stanhope. The difference between them is just in three years, but Raleigh looks much younger than Stanhope. This is because the war ages Stanhope. Raleigh looks like a healthy-looking son of about eighteen.He is entering the war for the first time. He has a nervous jape and there are some dashes in his speech that creates broken speech, which highlights how overwhelmed he iswith his emotions, and it is a bad quality for an officer. His uniform is very new this quotation shows that he is a new and without any army experience. He imaged the war and trenches very different I thought there would be an awful row here- all the time. But Raleigh is very idealistic, viewing the war as a romantic possibility to stimulate a hero. He thinks that the war would make him famous and people will be proud of him as a hero of their country. Raleigh also idolises Stanhope, having looked up to him since he was a child and refers to him as Dennis. Also their fathers were good friends andStanhope used to come and stay with them in the holidays. He admits that he requested to be sent to Stanhopes company. Osborne hints to him that Stanhope will not be the same person he knew from school as the experiences of war have changed him.But Raleigh does not seem to understand and he is looking forward to see his experient friend again. So from all my points we can see that Stanhope and Raleigh are com pletely different characters and do not have any similarities in their lives. But maybe later, in the play Raleigh will have some new war experience and it will be something similar in their characters.

Teaching Reflection Paper Essay Example for Free

Teaching Reflection Paper EssayTeaching is a uncomparable profession in todays lap upplace. It is an occupation that will not communicate you a advancement very easily based on performance. It is also an occupation that can be seen as something that is not highly enough reimbursed for the pertain it has on the lives of young people. A teacher ineluctably an incredible vexation for children/adolescents in order to be an effective educator.The modal value a teacher runs their classroom has the potential to be a huge destiny of a students life and an even greater part in the effect the student has on the kids. There are distinct advantages and hurts to the teaching profession. Advantages include workings with the children that educators are so passionate about every day and having the chance to meet an incredible arrive of new people year after year. Some of the disadvantages are, most obviously to the public eye, salary as well as certain students who are apathetic towa rd encyclopaedism or participating.These pros and cons are similar to those that go along with every profession in this coun seek and they require you to strive for the good times and work through the bad ones. Working with children every day can be an incredible experience. Most plain in elementary schools, kids surrender such a passion for learning. They love their teacher, they love school, and they love learning new things so they can go home and tell their parents they learned to multiply today. As the students necessitate older, although it is harder to recognize the passion for learning, the aha significations are that much to a greater extent rewarding.There must be no life like working through a rough time with a student while they try and try to work through the conflict and seeing it through until the end. The reward a teacher gets from that moment when you see them completely through the problem they were having is unlike anything most people ever experience in thei r lives. Most people see it in their children but solo teachers consume the ability to have that uniform effect on hundreds or thousands of kids over their careers. Salary is certainly an issue in the education profession.It is not fair that people who spend their time shaping students in to the human being they will mystify up to be get paid lower than almost all other positions in the country. extracurricular of people directly affected by these educators, nobody can understand what importance they actually have on the students hereafters. They can make or break their morals, understanding of respect, and even their future grasp on knowledge in general. Without teachers our society would be in an incredible amount of paroxysm and it would be in a hole so big it may be irreversible.Working with so many different students can be a life changing experience for not only the students who receive the blessings from the teacher but for the teachers who get so many of their own ble ssings from their students who unknowingly give and give and give. Meeting new people every year is a great experience. A teacher has the prospect to meet over one-hundred new people each year. That is not to mention all the kids parents at conferences or any new faces they see in the workplace.Meeting so many people and having an luck to impact that many lives is an impossibly awesome situation for educators. Teachers are in a position to drastically amend society of the future and the teachers who actually are extremely passionate toward the kids will certainly be pickings steps in the right direction. Student apathy has been an issue for as long as in that location have been people trying to teach other people. It goes with the job and it is something every educator needs to experience out how to work with and get past.It is an unfortunate part of the profession, but can be seen as an opportunity to work through conflicts and give the students the same respect they need throu ghout the process. Working through the students who do not want to learn, participate, or even be in the classroom, is a challenge and a blessing. It makes teachers hold how lucky they have been that not every student is like that, or that they still get to have those students who are as passionate about learning as the teacher is about teaching. Although a disadvantage of teaching, student apathy can also put things into perspective in a good way for educators.As teaching becomes a more recognized profession, maybe it will also become more glorious. Even with all the positives to the profession there are certainly enough disadvantages that need to be worked on. The butt end line is it is not a job that someone should just get into because he or she needs a job. It is an occupation that requires patience, understanding, and most importantly passion. It is not a job for everybody but for those who do approve the impact they have on the lives of these students it can be the most re warding experience on the planet.

The Experience of Ethnic Minority Workers Essay Example for Free

The Experience of Ethnic Minority role players judgeWorking conditions in hotels and restaurants Cash-in-hand, undecl atomic number 18d or under-declared, and illegal on the job(p) was name among the pagan nonage and un piletled restaurant die harders interviewed, and affected some(prenominal) employment conditions and rates of pay. This was prevalent in sm each, cultural nonage- delivered restaurants, usually employing members of the corresponding social group. The National Minimum Wage (NMW) was the rate parklandly paid to base grade mental faculty, including freeze and restaurant stave, hotel porters and ho spendkeeping staff, particularly come onside of capital of the United Kingdom.The search as well as plant a high incidence of flat rate payments per shift or per week, regardless(prenominal) of hours dieed, be misfortunate the NMW, often paid cash-in-hand. Long hours running(a) was a unless consume. Full-time workers did a minimum 40-hour week, wit h 50 to 60 hours a week universe common, particularly in restaurants. Late night running(a), or until the last customer left, was often expected without wasted pay. close to felt that they had no life outside work due to the long hours demanded by the job. In virtually instances, individuals had several(prenominal) jobs to earn m wizardy to victuals family or send venture shell. in that location was mild sentiency of holiday and leave entitlements. Very few workers received more than the statutory entitlement to four weeks holiday. somewhat reported acquire no paid holidays or receiving less than the legal minimum, and thither was generally em choke uprassed awareness of holiday entitlement. In small restaurants on that point was sometimes an informal policy of two weeks leave. It was common for workers to take up received no written statements of particulars or contracts. This was found among both informally and legitimately sedulous workers, and was a source of anx iety for several. 1 there were poor perceptions of job security in the vault of heaven.few workers felt secure in their employment, often feeling they could be sacked on the spot, particularly those workings(a) informally. nigh longer-term workers in regular employment were aware that increasing use up of casual and agency staff meant that their jobs were not secure. Training easy to unsettled workers, particularly in restaurants, was minimal, usually completely in basic health and safety, hygiene or fire procedures. In some hotels, however, passenger vehicles had recognised the neglect of training in the past and were offering staff the chance to pursue National Vocational Qualifications. Problems at work There was a high degree of acceptance of the poor working conditions in the empyrean among interviewees, with issues such as low pay, long hours, unpaid all overtime and poor health and safety standards often not comprehend as particular problems but rather vi ewed as the nature of work in the sector. Where problems were identified these link up to pay long working hours workload getting time off bullying and verbal shout out, including racial harassment problems getting on with colleagues position terminology skills and theft of property from work.Bullying and verbal abuse was common, particularly in kitchens where chefs were often known as bullies, but this was accepted by some as just the mentality of the kitchen. Sometimes the abuse had a racial element, with bloody foreigner used as a term of abuse. Racist abuse from restaurant customers was also regularly suffered by some waiters. In whizz hotel, several staff had captured bullying from a manager, resulting in time off inexorable with stress. Staff believed there was an ulterior motive of trying to get rid of long-serving employees and replacing them with cheaper casual staff.Opportunities for promotion were felt by several interviewees to be inhibited by favouritism on grou nds of race, ethnicity, nationality or age, as well as the limitations imposed by work permit or visa rules. Some long-term workers felt they had been overlooked for promotion, with their age then compounding the problem as employers looked for younger staff to promote and develop. Where employees saw that they had opportunities to progress, this was due to the permit of a manager.Opportunities were further limited by employer presumptions roughly the suitability of staff for front-of-house jobs, such as reception or waiter positions, based on ethnicity, gender and age. Some employers expressed preferences for white staff, or a balance of white and non-white front-of house staff, on the grounds that it was what their customers wanted. The interrogation found that such racial stereotyping was expressed openly in this sector in a mien that may not be acceptable in other sectors. 2.In the main, interviewees did not chivy health and safety concerns when discussing problems at work, reflecting an acceptance of the hazards of this type of work. However many issues did arise during the course of interviews, which complicate burns and working in hot kitchens working in a confined space back and shoulder pains and tiredness from long working hours and heavy workload. Often, responsibility for health and safety, such as avoiding burns, was seen as primarily belonging to the employee and not the employer.Most workers believed that secondary could be d whiz to tackle the problems that they were having at work, or felt that the only solution was to leave the job. A handful of workers had taken action to conciliate their problems at work, either by raising concerns with their manager, or seeking outside backup man or advice. Support, advice and awareness of rights Workers felt poorly informed just about employment rights in the UK, and had little idea of where to get selective knowledge if they needed it. Many also were unsure about aspects of their own p articular equipment casualty and conditions of employment, which was related to a privation of written information.As might be expected, those who had been in the UK for a longer time, and the small routine who were members of a swop union, felt amend informed about their rights at work. Trade unions had been a worthful source of support for a small number of interviewees, but for more or less workers, unions simply did not feature in their experience of work. But despite the difficulties of organising in the sector, including high staff turnover, no culture of trade unionism and employers that are hostile to trade unions, union membership was growing in one capital of the United Kingdom hotel and provide branch.This was the result of enlisting campaigns that included information in several languages. Some interviewees either had, or would, seek support from partnership presidencys about problems at work. However, there was a variation in the direct of community support ava ilable in the three regions, with London and the atomic number 74 Midlands having established organisations rangeing a strain of ethnic groups, but such structures were untold less well developed in the southeasterly West. seek support and advice through community organisations can also be a double-edged sword for those who work for employers within the same ethnic community, with some fearing that if they sought advice, word would get around and they would cod problems getting work in future. Of the small number of workers who had sought support for problems at work, Citizens Advice, Acas and a proper(postnominal) go for for service workers (no longer in existence) had been used.While a small number were aware of Citizens Advice, a couple thought that the service excluded them because of its name, which implied to them that it was for British citizens only. 3 Conclusions and recommendations While many of the working conditions and problems highlighted in this report are common to workers in the sector, the question found several features that serve to differentiate the experience of ethnic nonage and migratory workers immigration status working in the informal sector discrimination in the labour market and employment and low expectations which increase tolerance of poor working conditions.For ethnic minority and migrant workers the difficulties in raising and result problems relate both to their own individual pic and characteristics of work in the sector. Recent migrant workers may have limited English language skills and little or no knowledge of UK employment rights and support structures, factors that compound the difficulties of addressing problems in the sector.These include the perception that there is a ready supply of labour to replace workers who complain a lack of union organisation a culture of poor personnel practice, such as minimal training and provision of information and the informal nature of much employment obtained by ethn ic minority and migrant workers in the sector. There appeared also to be a lack of monitoring or enforcement of employers compliance with employment legislation in this sector.To understand the different experiences and motivations for ethnic minority and migrant workers working in hotels and restaurants, the research developed a typology of strategies that highlights at one end how some individuals feel they are acting strategically in social intercourse to their work choices, whereas at the other, economic factors and limitations play a greater role in determining their choices. The strategies remind from Career progression through Broadening opportunities and Stepping stone to Pragmatic acceptance and noalternative.The research harbors a number of recommendations about how the position of this vulnerable group of workers can be improved through better entre to employment rights and information, improvements in working conditions and career opportunities, and improved provisi on of support and advice. 4 1. opening This project, The Experience of Ethnic Minority Workers in the Hotel and Catering Industry Routes to Support and Advice on Workplace Problems, was funded by the European Social Fund and Acas and carried out by the Working Lives Research Institute, London Metropolitan University amid May 2004 and July 2006.The project used qualitative research methods to explore the experiences and problems at work of ethnic minority and migrant workers in hotels and restaurants, with the aim of both identifying the range of experiences and problems encountered, and gaining a greater understanding of access to and use of support and advice to resolve these problems. The research therefore provides evidence of the conditions flavourd by ethnic minority and migrant workers, which is an area relatively neglected by research so far.Its objective is to inform policy in order to improve good practice in relation to the employment of ethnic minority and migrant w orkers, to prevent problems from arising, and to improve the support and advice mechanisms available. The key target groups for these research findings and policy objectives are thus employers, statutory bodies, the involuntary sector, trade unions and community groups. 1.1 Background to the project At the start of the project a working paper (Wright and Pollert, 2005) was prepared to establish the limit of ethnic minority and migrant working in the hotel and restaurant sector, as well as pinpointing the main issues for workers in the sector identified by the animate literature. The working paper is available on the project website1. The paper showed that ethnic minority and migrant workers make up a significant part of the hotel and restaurant workforce almost threefifths (59%) of workers in the sector in London described themselves as other than.White British in the 2001 census (Wright and Pollert, 2005 27). Outside of London the picture reflects the differences in the concent ration of the ethnic minority population across the UK. In the West Midlands, where 84% of the hotel and restaurant workforce were White British in 2001, the largest other groups were White other (2. 9%), East Pakistani (2. 3%) and Indian (2. 2%). The sector is a particularly important source of employment for some groups, with 52% of phallic Bangladeshi workers employed in restaurants, comparabilityd to only 1% of white males (Holgate, 2004 21).In London, migrant workers (those born outside the UK) account for 60% of those employed in the hotel and restaurant sector (GLA, 2005 68), compared to 31% of all London workers who were born outside the UK. However there have been important changes in the composition of the hotel and restaurant workforce since the 2001 census, with employers filling vacancies in the sector by employing significant poem of workers from the East European countries that acceded to the EU in 2004 (known as the A8 countries).The governing requires nationals of the A8 countries who wish to work in the UK to register with the Worker Registration purpose (WRS), and Home Office figures show that of the 375,000 workers registered between May 2004 and March 2006, 22% were working in hospitality and catering (80,570 workers) (Home Office, 1 http//www. workinglives. org/HotelCatering. html 5 2006a). There has, however, been a decline in the proportion of WRS applicants in Hospitality and Catering from 31% in the second pull of 2004, to 18% in the first quarter of 2006, with Administration, Business and Management now employing greater numbers.The highest proportion of all applicants under the scheme were Polish (61%), followed by Lithuanian (12%) and Slovak (10%). The figures also show a movement of registered workers to other parts of the UK than London, with the percentage applying to London dropping from 25% in the second quarter of 2004, to 11% in the first quarter of 2006 (Home Office, 2006a).While working conditions in the industry ha ve been well documented as consisting of low pay, low status, exploitation of employees and lack of unionisation (e.g. Gabriel, 1988 Price, 1994 Head and Lucas, 2004 LPC 2005), little has been written in the UK about the actual experiences of ethnic minority and migrant workers, with much of the existing literature focusing on management behaviour and strategy (Wright and Pollert, 2005).Some new-fashioned exceptions include a reckon of low pay in London (Evans et al, 2005), which included the hotel and catering industry. This study of 341 randomly selected low paid workers contained 90% who were migrants.Of their sample of hotel and hospitality workers, the largest group (two-fifths) were non-British whites, mainly from Eastern Europe, followed by Africans (24%). It found the lowest rates of pay to be in the hotel and catering sector, below contract cleaning, home care and the food industry. Other recent research has considered the experience of Central and East European migrants in low paid employment in the UK in the context of the A8 countries joining the EU, and covers hospitality, along with construction, agriculture and au pairs (Anderson et al, 2006).It is some 15 years since the Commission for Racial Equality (CRE) undertook a formal investigation into recruitment and selection in hotels (CRE, 1991) in response to concern that the sector was failing to consider equal opportunities in employment practices. It found that ethnic minority staff were disproportionately concentrated in unskilled jobs, and found only one ethnic minority manager out of 117 hotels investigated.It made a number of recommendations about how hotels should improve their practices in relation to recruitment, monitoring, positive action and training taking account of equal opportunities issues. However, we have been unable to find evidence of any monitoring or evaluation of whether these recommendations have been heeded or implement by hotel employers. While knowledge of employmen t rights among all workers in the UK is poor, it has been shown that vulnerable groups know even less (Pollert, 2005).A random survey of peoples awareness of employment rights in the West Midlands found that women, ethnic minorities, young people and the low paid were least likely to be aware of their rights (WMLPU, 2001). The research was undertaken in the context of considerable public debate on migration policy, and at a time when the giving medication was intending to phase out low skilled migration schemes, such as the Sectors Based Scheme, which granted work permits to authorized numbers of workers in skills shortage sectors such as hospitality, in the light of new labour available from the European Union (Home Office,2005).At the same time there is increasing concern for vulnerable workers, and the government has recently published a policy statement on protecting vulnerable workers, defined as someone working in an environment where the risk of being denied employment righ ts is high and who does not have the capacity or means to protect themselves from that abuse (DTI, 2006 25). 6 1. 2 Research aims The research set out to address the following key questions 1. What are the working conditions of ethnic minority and migrant workers in hotels and restaurants? 2.How are working conditions seen and what are perceived as problems, and how does this impact on acceptance of poor working conditions? 3. What type of problems do ethnic minority and migrant workers have working in hotels and restaurants? 4. How do these compare to the problems generally affecting workers in the sector and to what extent are they associated with particular labourmarket niches within the sector to which these workers are confined? If this is so, to what extent is the insecurity of migrant status relevant, or is racial discrimination relevant? 5.How much do ethnic minority and migrant workers in this sector know about their rights at work, and to what extent do ethnic minority and migrant workers in this sector attempt to enforce their legal rights at work, or instead try to find ways to achieve a sufficient income and manageable working conditions, even if this means colluding with illegal employment practices? 6. How much do ethnic minority and migrant workers in this sector know about where to get advice and support for problems at work? And who do they turn to for advice and support?To what extent do ethnic minority and migrant workers in this sector use statutory (i.e. Acas, CRE), voluntary (CABx, local advice agencies), trade union, community (groups or informal contacts through ethnic networks) or informal (friends, family) sources of support and advice? 7. What are the experiences of ethnic minority and migrant workers in this sector of using all these sources of support and advice and what barriers do they face in accessing support and advice for workplace problems? 1. 3 Structure of the report The report describes the research methodology and acce ss routes, unitedly with the characteristics of the interviewees in section 2.The working conditions experienced by interviewees are described in section 3, confirming evidence from much of the existing literature on the sector, but also bring out where the experience of ethnic minority and migrant workers may be particular. Section 4 describes the problems encountered by interviewees in their jobs in hotels and restaurants, but also considers the attitude of these workers to defining problems at work, as well as their flakes to resolving problems and barriers to resolution.The information, support and advice available to and used by the ethnic minority and migrant workers interviewed is explored in section 5, together with their awareness of employment rights in the UK. 7 In section 6 conclusions are drawn about the specific experiences of ethnic minority and migrant workers in the sector, the problems that they face and their need for support and advice, suggesting that changes need to be made to practice within the sector, as well as in improved provision of support to ethnic minority and migrant workers.8 2. METHODOLOGY The project employed qualitative research methods to crumple in-depth accounts of the experiences of 50 ethnic minority and migrant workers. Interviews were carried out between May 2005 and May 2006. In addition, interviews and face-to face and telephone conversations were held with key informants to provide contextual information on features and trends within the sector affecting ethnic minority and migrant workers.The strengths of using qualitative methods are that they can not only identify conspicuous issues (the problems themselves, for example), but also more elusive, subjective issues, such as motivation, perceptions of opportunities and of rights, sense of inclusion, integration and fairness or their opposites sense of frustration, alienation and barriers to obtaining support and fairness at work. 2. 1 Regional scope The rese arch project was confined to England within the toll of reference set by the European Social Fund.Three English regions were selected in order to provide a comparison of experiences of migrant and ethnic minority workers London, the West Midlands and the southwest West. London and the West Midlands have considerably larger non-white and migrant populations than other parts of the country, with significant numbers of Bangladeshis and Pakistanis working in the hotel and restaurant sector in the West Midlands (Wright and Pollert, 2005 27 28). In contrast, the South West is the English region with the smallest non-white population, but is experiencing a growth in migrant workers.The problems facing ethnic minority and migrant populations here have been less well documented, but where studies have been done, isolation from ethnic minority communities and support structures emerges as an issue (BMG Research, 2003 Gaine and Lamley, 2003 SWTUC, 2004). Tourism also accounts for 10% of tota l employment in the South West, with the greatest proportion of these (70%) employed in the hospitality sector accommodation, restaurants, pubs etc.(Tourism Skills Network South West, 2002). In the South West it was decided to focus the research on two towns with a large touring car population and therefore a high demand for a hotel and restaurant workforce Bournemouth and Plymouth. The Human Resources manager of a Bournemouth hotel group, interviewed for this research, said that only 32% of their workforce was British, indicating a high reliance on foreign-born workers. 2.2 Definitions of ethnic minority and migrant workers The research includes both ethnic minority and migrant workers, categories which, in real life, are complex, changing and overlapping. Some ethnic minorities (using the Labour Force Survey definitions) will also be migrants. Migrants (defined here as all those who were born outside the UK, Home Office, 2002) may or may not be defined as ethnic minorities, and may or may not be discriminated against. White Australian or Canadian migrant workers, for example, would not be.But Kosovan people may be regarded as ethnic minorities, and suffer racism and discrimination, and Czech or Polish people may or may not be discriminated against, and while they may not be visible in terms of skin colour, in the way black and Asian people are, they are visible in terms of language, cultural characteristics, and discrimination. As many white Eastern Europeans are now 9 working in the hotel and restaurant sector, particularly since the EU enlargement in May 2004, it was felt to be important to include their experiences in the study.2. 3 Access to research participants In order to include the experience of a unspecific range of interviewees from different ethnic groups and backgrounds, including both recent and more settled ethnic minorities, it was decided to use multiple routes to access interviewees. Therefore a range of bodies were contacted, many with a twofold purpose of a) providing contextual information about the sector and/or the experiences of particular ethnic groups and b) helping gain access to research participants.Organisations contacted included trade unions, community and worker organisations, sector bodies, employers and statutory and advice agencies (see Appendix 2). In the South West, where there are fewer organised community groups than in the two other regions, we spoke to officers at Bournemouth Borough Council, who gave us informal contacts within the main local ethnic minority communities, as well as move us in contact with several community interpreters who spoke the main languages of the local ethnic minority groups Portuguese, Korean, Turkish, Bengali and Spanish.These routes proved very useful in helping to access research participants and in providing variation for interviews. However, in the end, Turkish and Bangladeshi workers were reluctant to come forward to be interviewed, which the interpreters said was because they were fearful of utterance out about their employers, despite reassurances of confidentiality. In all three areas we used fieldworkers who were able to use their language skills to carry out interviews in workers native languages, namely Bengali, Spanish, Polish, Lithuanian and Mandarin.The fieldworkers were also able to provide access to workers who may not have come forward otherwise, being people who were known and trusted among their own ethnic communities, or who were able to provide sufficient reassurance of confidentiality. Training was provided in using the interview suck to all fieldworkers to ensure a common approach was used in interviews and that fieldworkers understood the aims and objectives of the research.While the approach used provided access to workers in a wide range of establishments, from large hotel groups to small independent restaurants, including several working illegally or informally, we acknowledge that using such routes could not access the most hard-to-reach illegal migrant and ethnic minority workers, who may constitute a considerable proportion of workers in the sector. The research may not fully represent the worst conditions found in the underbelly of the sector as suffered by many illegal or undocumented migrants, as portrayed, for example, in Steven Frears 2002 strike about a London hotel, Dirty Pretty Things.It was decided not only to seek out interviewees who perceived themselves as having had a problem at work, but a range of people in different jobs in the sector, in order to explore their typical work experiences and their attitudes towards problems and conditions in the sector. 10 2. 4 Key informants In addition to the worker interviews, at least 20 key informants (see Appendix 2) provided further context on the hotel and restaurant sector, including regional knowledge.These included employers and employer representative bodies, trade union officials and branch members, community organisations, representatives of sector bodies and statutory and voluntary organisations. In some cases in-depth interviews were carried out, and in others more informal conversations were held either personal or on the telephone. 2. 5 Worker interviews A total of 50 in-depth qualitative interviews were carried out in the three regions, with a greater number in London due to the huge range of ethnic minority and migrant workers in the sector in the capital.The breakdown was as follows Table 1 Worker interviews by region Region London South West West Midlands Total % 46% 24% 30% 100% No. of worker interviews 23 12 15 50 during the interviews, which and a half. Participants were of both themselves and their participation with a ? 10 shop A semi-structured interview schedule was used generally lasted between 45 minutes to an hour assured of confidentiality, and of the anonymity employer. They were thanked for their time and voucher.At the start of the interview, participants were asked to complete a two-page questionnaire giving basic demographic and employment details, data from which is provided in the following section. 2. 5. 1 Ethnicity Respondents were asked to describe their ethnicity, tally to the classification used in the 2001 Census. The results are grouped together in table 2. Table 2 Ethnicity of the sample Ethnicity White Bangladeshi and Pakistani Chinese and Other Asian Black Mixed % 36% 26% 20% 16% 2% No. of interviewees 18 13 10 8 1 11 2. 5.2 Country of birth Table 3 shows the range of countries from which interviewees came. It was notable that only one participant was born in the UK, despite attempts to find British-born ethnic minority workers in the sector. Both fieldworkers and interviewees themselves commented that many British-born people do not wish to work in a sector that is known for low pay and long hours, including the children of migrants interviewed, as they seek better alternative employment opportunities (some young British-born workers do wo rk in the sector while they are students, but tend to do so for only a short time).Table 3 Country of birth Country of birth Bangladesh China Colombia France Ghana Holland Indonesia off-white coast Korea Lithuania Philippines Poland Portugal Slovakia Somalia Spain Sudan Turkey UK Ukraine 2. 5. 3 Gender Women are under-represented in the sample (38% of interviewees) compared to their presence in the sector as a whole, but this reflects the fact that the sample includes a substantial number of Bangladeshi workers, who represent a significant group in the sector in the West Midlands, and most of these workers are male (Wright and Pollert, 2005 27-28).2. 5. 4 Age Only one interviewee was under 21 years old. Almost two-fifths (38%) were gray 21 to 30 years old, and the same proportion were between 31 and 40 years old. Six interviewees (12%) were aged 41 to 50, and five (10%) were between 51 to 60. None of the interviewees were aged over 60. 2. 5. 5 Education boilersuit the sample was f airly highly educated, with 36% having a first stage or higher degree. another(prenominal) 10% had post-secondary non-tertiary level education, and 36% had received education up to secondary level, while 12% had received.% 24% 10% 6% 2% 4% 2% 2% 2% 6% 8% 2% 4% 4% 6% 6% 2% 2% 4% 2% 2% No. of interviewees 12 5 3 1 2 1 1 1 3 4 1 2 2 3 3 1 1 2 1 1 12 primary level education or less. A further 6% had other qualifications or the details of their education were not known. 2. 5. 6 Employment The majority (62%) of the interviewees worked in restaurants, while 30% worked in hotels. The remaining 8% either worked in both hotels and restaurants, as agency workers, or in catering services. More than half of respondents (54%) said there were 10 or fewer employees where they worked.A further 22% said there were between 11 and 25 people where they worked. Only 6% worked for employers with between 26 to 49 people and 10% said there were 50 or more employees where they worked. However these figures s hould be treated with caution, and may underestimate the number working for larger employers, as respondents may have construe the questions as referring to the workplace or department of the hotel where they worked, rather than the employer as a whole. Almost half the interviewees (48%) worked as waiters or waitresses, either in hotels or restaurants. other 20% were chefs or cooks, and a further 4% worked in kitchens as general assistants. 12% said they were supervisors or managers and 4% described themselves as cashiers. Another 10% worked in other jobs in hotels as receptionist, general assistant or porter/bar worker. The majority of workers were full-time (70%), while 14% said they worked parttime, and 14% were casual workers. Working hours were long. The largest proportion (40%) worked over 40 hours per week 10% worked between 41 and 48 hours, while almost a triplet (30%) said they worked over 48 hours a week.Just over a third (36%) worked between 21 and 40 hours a week. Onl y 6% did less than 20 hours a week. The majority (82%) had only one job at the time of the interview, with 18% having two or more jobs. However, some of those currently working in only one job talked of previous times in the sector when they had more than one job. 2. 5. 7 Union membership Only five were members of a trade union (either the GMB or the TG), or 10% of the interviewees, although this is still a higher proportion than in the sector as a whole, where only 5% of workers are unionised (Wright and Pollert, 2005 25).2. 6 Data analysis All worker interviews were tape preserve and transcribed (or detailed notes were made where the quality of the recording did not allow for full transcription) with the participants consent, and field-notes were made short after the interviews. This data was analysed with the help of QSR N6 data analysis software in order to assist a consistent and rigorous approach to the data being analysed. A thematic index was developed to categorize the tr anscripts according to major themes and transcripts were coded accordingly using the N6 software.

A Taste of Honey Play Analysis Essay Example for Free

A savvy of Honey Play Analysis EssayA Taste of Honey is a tactical manoeuvre written by Shelagh Delaney. Shelagh Delaney was born on the 5th of November, 1939 in Salford, Lancashire. At eleven years mature she failed to pass the examination that would allow her to enter a grammar coach, and she went to a secondary school named Broughton. She was accepted into the grammar school at a after-hoursr stage as she has proved herself to be intelligent. She was tickn to be a late developer except by this time she had lost interest in her academic progress and so so did non continue on to higher education. Her first-class honours degree play was A Taste of Honey, which she wrote when she was 18, was accepted by a Joan Littlewood for production by Theatre Workshop Company. The first opening of the play was on the twenty-seventh of May at the Theatre Royal in East London. A Taste of Honey was transferred to west London on the 10the of February. For this play she received the Foyl es New Play Award and an Arts Council Bursary.In the fifties England was felling the effects of mankind War II, so when Shelagh Delaney wrote the play she had experienced World War II. Also because of the World War only lower/ middle class groups would watch the play. A nonher factor that has caused the play, A Taste of Honey, to be a great success is that it contained issues that were never openly discussed and were consider to be illegal. For example homosexuality- this was never discussed openly and was considered precise bad, racism- Black people or people that were coloured were also considered lower class.The mood, emphasis and suspense had been pretend up du pack the play. In Act 1 Scene 2 Jo meets with her young man and during a conversation he asks her to marry him and she accepts his proposal even though he will be outside(a) on his ship for six months and so she will contain to wait before he flowerpot marry him. She is given a ring by her fiance which she wears around her neck instead of on her finger. This is because she doesnt want her commence to see the ring. Back in the apartment Helen tells Jo that she is going away to marry neb.Peter enters and Jo moves to name at both Helen and Peter, while Helen is defending and attacking both Peter and Jo. Peter, however, is ignoring or criticising Jo and flattering Helen. Helen and Peter discontinue and Jos boyfriend arrives and keeps her company. On Helens wedding day Jo is feeling sick and cannot attend her brings wedding. Helen then sees the ring around Jos neck and starts scolding Jo violently for think of marrying this young. Jo then asks about her father and Helen explains, and then runs strike to her wedding.There is a lot that happens in this slam both Helen and Jo plan on getting hook up with. And this has built up a lot of tension. But there moods with each new(prenominal) getting married argon not positive. Helen is not happy with Jo considering marriage at such a young age . Jo is also not happy that Helen is marrying Peter but is unable to do anything about it. The timing of this happening is also synchronal as Helen and Jo both were planning to marry at the same time this cause the reference to build up suspense. The scene is ended with Helen leaving Jo behind this will leave the audience thought of what is going to happen. The scene is ended with suspense so that the audience is egger for the next scene.Act 2 scene 1 begins and Jos pregnancy is quite obvious and her boyfriend has not returned. Jo and Geof, a boy she met in a fairground, return to Jos apartment. The scene beginning with Jo being obviously pregnant causes drama for the audience also Jos bare boyfriend has not returned from his sale this make the audience think that the boyfriend will never return. Jo is presently living completely and is operative in a shoe shop in the day and working at a bar in the evenings to pay the rent. This has set the mood of Jos environment to be off icious and Jo seems to be very tired. As when she returns from the fair she falls onto her sofa as she is tired, she as says that she has to be up before half past seven. This makes us think that going to work is very necessary for her and she is determination it difficult.Geof, an art student, who had been thrown out of his lodgings, says that the reason he was thrown out was because he was behind on the rent. Jo challenges him and keeps on persisting that he is lying as she k at one times he is homosexual. She even states that I always cute to know about people ilk you she offends Geof with her insensitive mocking and curiosity. She finally says that Geof should tell her why he was thrown out (even though she knows why she wants to hear it from Geof) or get out Geof heads for the door to leave and is stopped by Jo begging for him to stay, Geof Dont go. Dont go. Geof Im sorry.Please stay. I think that this shows that Jo wants approximately company as she is alone and finding it difficult to pay for the apartment. Jo is not threatened by Geof staying in her apartment as he is homosexual and is so not physically attracted to her she also says, Thats why Im letting you stay here. You drug abuse start anything. When Geof is with Jo the mood is peaceful and is not chaotic. Also, Jos fiber is different she is not as aggressive as before. The audience are interested in Geof as they want to know facts about him because of his homosexual personality. It might be that Geof was thrown out because he was homosexual and he doesnt want to admit that he is gay, also in that period of time homosexuality was wrong.After Jo apologises they start talking and tell each other that they corresponding each other and they are be glide slope closer and their relationship develops. There mood has changed and they are now talking about each other and asking questions about there past. Geof brings up the subject of the do by and Jos mother, he thinks that Jo should tell her mot her about her pregnancy. Jo replied Why? this shows that she still doesnt think that her mother should have nothing to do with Jos baby. Geof then goes on to ask what kind of woman is she and Jo replies by saying shes richGeof says that she should be interested in her mothers money as she will be needing it later for the baby, as the baby will be costing Jo more money then she can afford. When Geof says that she will need baby wearing apparel a cot and a pram, Jo replies by saying, Im not planning big plans for this baby or pipe dream big dreams. This shows that Jo has thought that she will look after the baby with the barest amount of money. Jos character is strange in comparison to other mothers. Most mothers will be hoping for the best for their children. Jo, however, is not interested she has no whim to look after a child as she has never been looked after by her mother very well. I found it strange when Geof says, Youre feeling a bit depressed, Jo. He was telling Joe how sh e felt and this shows that Geof is already having feelings for Jo.When Geof offers Jo a cigarette she declines it, she said she only smoked to annoy her mother. I think that this shows that Jo did things to annoy her mother to get revenge. Jos character to towards her mother does not change through out the play. Geof asks Jo about her black boyfriend when Jo answers the questions she is giving false answers. I think that she has forgotten about the boy and has moved on with her life. Geof sings ii nursery rhymes this lightens the mood and shows that Geof is still childish and young in heart. When Geoffrey and Jo go to bed Jo says, Youre just like a big child to me. This shows that Jo has no sexual attractions towards Geof and sees him more like a friendly sister who looks after her.Jo comments on the childrens appearance, look at those filthy children. I think this is because as she is pregnant she is thinking about children and looking at other children on the streets. She then s ays that is there parents fault, but then says, His mother ought not to be allowed. Jo is referring to her own mother in a way as Jo was treated poorly and sometimes thinks that her mother should not of had her.Geof is homosexual but still tries to kiss Jo and even asks to marry her. Jo declines, is it shown that Jo likes Geoffrey but she is not sexually attracted to him. I think that the reason Geof asked Jo to marry him is because he want to be conventionalism or a least be treated normal. So if he gets married people wont think that he is homosexual and as Jo has a baby it will save him the trouble. Geof knows that if he corset with Jo his life is heading nowhere, but he wants to stay with Jo, Id sooner be dead than away from you. Geoffrey has with child(p) a strong feeling for Jo and visa-versa, however, Jo likes him as a big sister.Helen enters the room and the mood has changed, that tension betwixt Jo and Helen is now strong. Helen is not surprised that Jo is in bed, she thinks that Jo should still be going to work in her condition. Helens character is still expecting much of Jo even when Helen is sick she would ask Jo to do the work. Jo doesnt even wel fill out her mother politely, What blew you in? Helen assumes that Geoffrey is Jos boyfriend. While Helen and Jo argue Geof enters defending Jo but is shut up by both the ladies. Even with Jo in pregnancy Helen is still as violent she is throwing threats at Jo, Ill give you such a bally(a) good hiding in a minuteThen Helen knows that she was right and told Jo not to get married at such an early age but gets into a mess none the less. Helen then says that she didnt come to argue but actually came to give money but Jo doesnt want it even when she needs it not from her mother anyway. Helen does care about her daughter but doesnt show it although she does show it more then Jo, catch at your arms. Theyre like a couple of stalks she doesnt want her daughter to be unhealthy.When Peter enters, the mood cha nges everyone is concentrating on him and want him out of the room. It is obvious that Peter is not in love with Helen and it maybe that she is not in love with Peter it might be that she only married him for his money. When Drunken Peter enters he insults the other three, when he sees that Helen is giving his money away he is angry with Helen, Giving my money away over again? Peter then takes his money back from Helen and therefore contradicting Helens offer of a home to Jo. When Peter leaves he calls Helen to com with her but she says no. Helen is un positive(predicate) of her choice so asks Jo if she should stay with her and Jo replies no.I can see that Helen was unsure to make her decision and when she ask Jo and she said no she yelled out yes to Peter. When Peter asked Helen if shes coming she replied no, however, Peter still insists that Helen come with her. I think that even when he has lost interest in Helen he doesnt want to let her go, this is just like him and his money. Helens last act of affection is shown, she tells Geof to make sure that she goes to the clinic regularly. As soon as Helen leaves the mood has changed, it is back to that jokey mood with Jo and Geof. This is shown when Geof says that at least Helen left her some money but Jo says that Peter took it back but she has a cigarette for him. Geof replies, Oh, smashing I have noted that their moods change and they are back to their original state.This scene is one of the most relevant scenes in the whole play it shows the relationship between Jo and Geof from when it first started to when they have a strong bond. It also is the first scene with homosexuality init so this is very appealing to the audience. It also is the scene when Helen finds out that Jo is pregnant and is therefore quite dramatic. This scene is very significant to the play as without this the scene it would not be as effective.

Video game and console gaming addiction Essay Example for Free

Video game and console gaming dependance EssayIn recent years gaming addiction (computer game addiction, console gaming addiction, or even excessive play on portable systems) has received increased attention not notwithstanding from the media, but also from psychologists, psychiatrists, mental health organizations, and gamers themselves. Gaming addiction is not yet classified as a mental health disorder or true addiction like gambling or alcohol addiction.However, some gamers clearly struggle to keep their playing habits under control and may step forward more importance on their gaming accomplishments than their happiness and success in the real world (e. g. , donnish achievement, friendships, relationships, career advancement, health, etc.).B. STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM Many people or computer users have their thoughts and questions about online games. only this is some common questions that we will have to acknowledge a.Why do students easily get addicted in computer/onli ne games? b. What are the mischievous effects in getting addicted to computer/online games?C. IMPORTANCE OF schooling This study aimed to know why many student easily get addicted to computer games and the harmful effects of computer/online games. D. DEFINITION OF TERMS Addiction- is the continued use of a mood altering means or behavior despite adverse dependency consequences, or a neurological impairment leading(a) to such behaviors. Online Game- is a video game played over some form of computer network, utilize a personal computer or video game console. This network is usually the cyberspace or equivalent technology, but games have always used whatever technology was current modems before the Internet, and large(p) wired terminals before modems. The expansion of online gaming has reflected the overall expansion of computer networks from small local networks to the internet and the growth of internet access itself.

PEST Analysis Of AirAsias Essay Example for Free

blighter Analysis Of AirAsias Essay1.1BackgroundAirAsia was set up by Dato Tony Fernandes in 2001. In December 2001, Fernandes and his partners set up Tune Air Sdn Bhd (Tune Air), an airline property company then bought over AirAsia. Now, AirAsia has become angiotensin-converting enzyme of the most successful airlines in the Southeast Asiatic region and the pioneer of downhearted cost and no frills actuate in Malaysia. The leading confused get airline in the Asia AirAsia has been expanding rapidly since 2001, to become an award winning and the largest low cost carrier in Asia. With a fleet of 72 aircrafts, AirAsia flies to over 61 internal and international destinations with 108 routes, and operates over cd flights daily from hubs located in Malaysia, Tailand and Indonesia. To date, AirAsia has flown over 55 million guests across the region and continues to spread its move to create more than extensive route network through its associate companies, Thai AirAsia and Indonesia AirAsia.AirAsia believes in the no-frills(prenominal), hassle-free, low fargon problem concept and feels that keeping be low requires high efficiency in either part of the business. Efficiency creates savings which be then passed on to guests so that affordable air travel skunk become a reality. Through our philosophy of Now Everyone Can Fly, AirAsia has sparked a gyration in air travel with more and more pot around the region choosing AirAsia as their like election of transport. As AirAsia continuously strives to promote air travel, we also seek to create excitement amongst our guests with our unravel of innovative and personalized assist.The aim of the investigationThe aim of this analysis is to conduct a PEST and fig out analysis in the context of AirAsias international business operations, sending the study variables involved and the impact of the specific threats and opportunities confronted by AirAsia .Besides that, The purpose of this report is to id entify its stakeholders and core competencies, carry out a investigation of its external environment, brushup a strategic analysis of Airasia to identify opportunities and threats it might face, and to isolate key strengths and any weaknesses that need relations with. Moreover a SWOT analysis pass on be carried out to assess the extent to which its strategies are suitable to what is happening in its present environment. Fin on the wholey, afteridentifying competitive schema a Strategic throw leave behind be made to gain competitive advantage.Chapter 2DISCUSSION2.1 Company OverviewAirAsia is currently one of the leading low cost airlines in South East Asia which has expanded rapidly and its cool it the second largest air carrier in Malaysia. It dynamic nature of business is based on domestic and international flights, holiday and business ar go astrayments for its customers domesti foreseey and internationally around the region with the low fare, safe and thingumajig means of transportation. (www.airasia.com).AirAsias visionTo be the largest low cost airline in Asia and do the 3 billion people who are currently underserved with poor connectivity and high fares.AirAsias missionTo be the best company to work for whereby employees are treated as part of a gravid family Create a planetaryly recognized ASEAN brandTo attain the lowest cost so that everyone can fly with AirAsia offer the highest note product, embracing technology to strike down cost and enhance service levelsAirAsias valuesAirAsia kick in the low fare model attainable through the implementation of the following key strategiesSafetyFirstPartnering with the worlds most renowned maintenance providers and complying with the with world airline operations.High Aircraft UtilisationImplementing the regions fastest turnaround eon at only 25 minutes, assuring lower costs and higher productivity. subaltern Fare, No FrillsProviding guests with the choice of customizing function without compromi sing on quality and services. Streamline OperationsMaking sure that physical processes are as simple as possible.Lean Distribution frameOffering a wide and innovative range of distribution channels to make declareing and travelling easier.Point to Point NetworkApplying the point-to-point network keeps operations simple and costs, low.Products and Services offered By Air AsiaIn-flight services Air Asia offer food and drinks on visiting bill sticker programme . In-flight services customise meals and merchandise package upon request e.g. caps, T-shirts, and pants.Online services Online booking makes it more satisfactory for its customers to book online anyplace anytime. evasion information is available to friend customers make enquiries on flight schedules arrival and departure time and date. Chatter flight Created for a group of people, business travellers for purposes like meetings, conventions, leisure or even exhibition.Channels of distributionA number of alternate chann els of distribution whitethorn be available inter remove take up Outbound sales forcer Via mail order, Internet Telephone salesSelling indirect Agent, who typically sells direct on behalf of the producer Distributor (also called wholesaler), who sells to retailers Retailer (also called dealer or reseller), who sells to finish customersSales and tradeAirAsia is an international company, and going global invites a lot of ambition. AirAsia has to deal with the competition of local anaesthetic companies in the same field- air lane services. Competition for AirAsia would also be en look fored in the virtual world-the meshwork. As they entered into the engross of modern technology much(prenominal) as the public domain would invite competition on the global scale. Different localities and countries have different technological standards, and quality control policies, which AirAsia would have to adhere to, by fastening to these policies certain intended developments may be pos sible in certain communities but not refreshing in other(a)s.According to CEOs of the company, Mr. Fernandez, thither are a lot workers or low pay salaries earners who would like to travel often to meet their families especially during special occasions but repayable to how expensive it was that time, their desire are not fulfilled. By introducing a low fare will transcend all those people opportunity to travel if not more than once in a year. This enables them to identify their quarry foodstuff. Reduced expenditure salesis one of the basics of securing a target market for AirAsia. They reduce their price to suit their class of customersBrandingAirAsia went into intensive General advertisements and other high profile activities, which contributed to the high offering of their companys image. They came with a brand Now every one can fly These points of contact with their target customer help them to build their image, which in turn created loyalty from their customers.Group D iscounts and OffersDiscounts or other offers can help exposure business to invigorated customers, resulting in a sales increase . AirAsia is a ticketless Airline that allows customers to purchase their ticket online with at a ignoreed rate. They also have a scheme of group discount and this help to get more target market, especially internet based customers.2.2Core competenciesComputer Reservation System (CRS)AirAsias CRS (Open Skies by Navitaire) has helped it to grow at a dramatic pace in the past span of days. Tony Fernandes, CEO AirAsia described that Navitaires Open Skies technology has truly enabled Airasias growth from 2 million passengers to 7.7 million passengers in less than two years. Open Skies scaled easily to accommodate our growth. It is an integrated web-based reservation and inventory system. It let ins Internet, call center, airport departure control and more. It is a direct sales engine that effectively eliminates the middleman (travel agents) and the sales co mmissions that need to be paid to them.Enterprise Resource Planning System (ERP)AirAsia has recently (May 2005) opted for a honest fledged ERP system implemented by Avanade consultants. By implementing this package AirAsia is looking to successfully maintain process integrity, reduce financial month-end closing processing times, and speed up reporting and data retrieval processes. egotism Check InWith the use of the new self bit in service a faster and more convenient way to finish in using mobile phones, laptops etc, connecting to the internet. This system is easier and faster for customers and their family tocheck in at or before they get to the airport without having to queue up at the counter to check in.Air Asia credit cardAir Asia offers a choice of credit card facilities to garment in their customers travel life style be it business, leisure, training or holidays. With an Air Asia credit card a customer can purchase any goods or services while travelling anywhere in the world online.Go Holiday servicesAir Asia has a product called Go Holiday, with the help of E-commerce Air Asia is able to display their coverage maps, holiday resorts, first and average class hotels, car term of a contract services, and activities in different countries with their different rates and prices on Air Asias web page.. Using E-commerce, customers are able to select and make a holiday and travel arrangement with a hotel of their choice and class, a pick up car and even medical services. And payments for all this can be done on the internet using credit cards or other online E-payment methods ahead of travel time.Foreign workers and Contractors strategyAirAsia also target most foreign workers from Indonesia, Singapore, Thailand, China, Macau who may not afford the expensive flight legal residence and offer them the cheap fare which attracted most of them as would go home very often without give much.2.3 The CompetitorsCompanies in all industries have direct as well as in direct competitors. Direct competitors in the aviation industry are companies that offer flights to similar destinations on comparable terms of travel. Direct competitors include Malaysia Airlines offering flights in same routes .Singapore Airlines offering flights on same routes between London and Kuala Lumpur. Thai Air operating flights between Bangkok an Kuala Lumpur. Air Srilanka operating flights between Colombo and Bangkok. AirAsia are veneering strong competition with major international and national airlines on the market shares In contrast to other airlines ,AirAsia offers better value for money2.4Analysis of Environmental FactorsIn analyzing the macro-environment, it is important to identify the factors that might affect a number of vital variables that are likely to influence the organizations supply and demand levels and its costs (Kotter and Schlesinger 1991). The external environment of any organization can be analyzed by conducting a PEST analysis. The acronym PEST is used to describe a framework for the analysis of a range of macro environmental factors including the Political, Economical Social and Technological environment.PEST Analysis for AirAsiaPoliticalFlying outside Malaysia is difficult. Bilateral pledge is one of the main obstacles in the way of low cost carriers. Landing charges is also another big influencing factor on costing of low fare airlines. The low- cost airline industry in southeastern United States Asia has been underdeveloped because the aviation market is tightly regulated by bilateral air rights agreements. Threat of terrorism, people is afraid to fly after the September 11 terrorist attacks incident.EconomicIn spite of strong competition from Malaysian Airline (MAS), AirAsias low-cost carriers offering cheap tickets and few in-flight services are gaining attraction in the region. Current recession hit the aviation business. But with this economy slowing down, more people will want to enjoy its cheap tickets. Oil pri ces is another regulatory factor for this event of airlines. If oil prices go high, it is very difficult to control cost of operation.SocialPassengers are reluctant to board a no-frills airline for a long-haul flight. Increasing worlds population, tourists and number of educated people helpful for the growth of aviation industry. outbreak of the Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS) has scare people to fly. AirAsia commit to Safety First comply with all regulatory agencies, set and maintain consistently high standards ensure the security of staff and guests.TechnologyAirAsia provides online service that combines air ticketing with hotelbookings, car hire and travel insurance. To help keep costs in check, Air Asia has pushed internet booking services. AirAsia also recently introduced GO Holiday, the airlines online programme where guests can book holiday packages online in real time AirAsia has bought in A320 to replace Boeing 737. The Airbus A320s improved render efficiency an d extra capacity which leads to better slaying and reliability.SWOT analysis for AirAsiaStrengthsLow operational and maintenance cost by having a single aircraft type fleet i.e. from Boeing 737 to Airbus A-320. Economy of scales benefits. Low operating cost due to being No Frill, online reservations system, quick check in etc. There is huge untapped market in the region, especially for business travellers and for-the-first-time-flying segment. As it is low cost airlines, it can target customers who are currently using non-aircraft modes like, Bus, Trains, car to travel to distances. failingHuge investment to purchase air planes and implementing latest technologies there is high amount of operational cost. salary increase fuel price. Increased the operational cost.The flight times are more or less express to 2.5 hours. So they cannot operate flights of longer duration without any Frill, so No-Frill becomes impossible to implement for passengers.OpportunityLow fares offer by AirAsi a has make headway people from all walks of life style to fly. Especially, during economy down turn. Airbus A320 would encourage greater passenger capacity and offer comfortable service to customers. Introduction of SMS booking allows customer to book their seat at anytime and anywhere. With the commitment in ensuring the security of staff and customers, customer will have more confident to fly via AirAsia.ThreatsThere are more no-frills airlines may take off in Asia to meet increasing consumer demand following the success story of Malaysias budget carrier AirAsia. Singapore Airlines plans to dismiss a budget carrier, they see the success of AirAsia. They know how big the market is and how good the opportunity is in Asia. Travelers may not choose AirAsia if they are totravel long distance flight. They will prefer airlines much(prenominal) as MAS or SIA which provide better services. Demand to fly decreased via terrorism and outbreak of the SARS.2.5 market PlanCost advantages act ivitiesAirAsia already introduced cost advantages activities. Some of them describe below Utilising one type of aircraft (Boeing 737-300 which will be fully replaced with Airbus A320) results in reduction of maintenance cost (one of the major expenses in airline industry), programming cost, administrative cost, and inventory of parts. Creative and low-cost advertising significantly reduces marketing cost. On the other hand, AirAsia direct sales through internet, call centres, walk-in airport sales, and sales offices significantly reduce the commission fee to travel agents as AirAsia only assigned its sales to limited travel agentsAirAsia assigned multi-skilled cabin crews (2-3crews/flight), efficient training, performance based reward and incentives systemsTarget MarketLow- income Customers and tourism segmentMalaysia emergence as a regional business and tourism hub has provided AirAsia plenty of room for growth and has fuelled regional air passenger traffic. pilgrimage passenger sKuala Lumpur is the operational hub for AirAsia, which is the best inter-group communication point between Europe and Asia/Australia has supported the growth of their business. AirAsia has been using this connection point to promote their business.2.6 Proposed Strategy for further expansion of AirAsiaExtending New RoutesExtending current services into new markets may be helpful to further growth of this company. It is possible to achieve this strategy by launching living services into new geographical area or new market segments. Adding new routes and destinations are possible especially there is growth Malaysia and East Asia tourism.Activities related to this strategyMarketing researchFeasibility body of workContract with hotels and tourist agency at new destinationsFinding out strategic partnerMarketing new routes and destination duration frame and costIt will take 1 to 2 years to start a new route and estimated cost around $200 million to new aircraft and for marketing cost. Organizational changeRecruiting new employeesArranging training for new employeesOpening new office in new destinationEvaluation criteriaNew destinations are implemented to achieve new market development. Flight number in new destination is the best way to measure result of this strategy.Private suite for business customerIntroducing new services into existing markets implies product development. This strategy involves the development of fresh competencies and requires business to expand customized services which can apply to current markets. Thats why Emirate Airlines introduce high quality first class private lounges to attract business travelers.Activities related to this strategyTechnical and feasibility reputationAllocated budgetContract with a company to install new facility.Installation and modification of aircrafts onboard facilities Time frame and costIt will take 6 months to 1 year to complete installation new facilities in a single aircraft and estimated cost around $0. 2 million to new aircraft and for marketing cost. Organizational changeRecruiting new employees to serve business customerContract with new or existing company for ply service for business customer. Evaluation criteriaQuantitative measurement of this product would be number of booking or occupancy.Chapter 3CONCLUSION3.1 ConclusionBy studying PEST, SWOT and marketing analysis, it could be said that AirAsiais locate in standard cycle markets where it get competitive advantage for its business policy and strategy. Providing customers with superior products and services with low fare is synonymous to the AirAsia brand. However, it is necessary that Airasia should re-evaluate its strategies and focus on core values and competencies. For this why, AirAsia should reconsider their market and specific routes to obtain value other than price and survive the competition. From this study, it is possible to say that still there is some other option to expand this company. Adding new route and introducing business class suite may be suitable option for AirAsia for further growth.3.2 RecommendationsTo remain leader in the market in serving customers, AirAsia has to re-evaluate their current strategy. Recommendation for improvement can be outlined as follows AirAsia should make any major changes to their strategy after proper technical and feasibility study to avoid unnecessary risks. Oil price is a big factor to low fare airlines. So this company should make longer contracts with fuel suppliers for more stability As Airasia operates their fight very frequently, so they should have a spare aircraft at each location to avoid delays. AirAsia should consider environmentally friendly operation system as such as carbon offsetting to save environment.REFFERENCEDaniels, J. D. Radebaugh, L. H. (1998), International Business Environments and Operations, 8th edition, Addison-Wesley, USA. Peng Mike W, 2006, Global Strategy, Thompson, United States gatekeeper Michael E, 1998, Competit ive Advantage, The Free Press, United States. Websiteswww.airasia.comwww.navitaire.com/res