Advertising Has Been Used to Promote Goods and Services from 1945 to Today and Controls Consumers’ Behavior and Habits

Research Paper â€Å"The pervasiveness of contemporary advertising means that almost everywhere we turn, we are bombarded with appeals to buy-mostly under the guise of persuading us that buying will somehow improve our lives. † (Courtland L. Bovee and Williams F. Arens, Page 685). Fundamentally a good advert should attract attention and interest and should provide some control over the manner in which it is read. Advertising has been used to promote goods and services from 1945 to today and controls consumers’ behavior and habits. Considering the thesis, we could choose to agree with the fact that advertising manipulates consumers.This kind of marketing is essential for firms that want to show their superiority in a specific category of markets. People can see every day many adverts that encourage them to buy more and more goods or services. It makes consumers too materialistic and manipulates them psychologically to buy things they don’t need. Advertising promot es the consumption society. Obviously, many would agree that advertisers use tricky means in order to attract consumers’ attention. Moreover, not all parts of society are targeted. It can create problems considering children, ethnicities, religions and other criteria that affect population.There is already enough research that proves how harmful advertising can be. In fact, manipulating people psychologically causes harm. In the long run, it can develop a habit like it is in the United States. People using adverts don’t care about consequences and behave inappropriately. Some incitements, misleading, and minds’ control lead to what is called subliminal stimuli. By the way, advertising is maintaining competition between firms and as a consequence, it encourages innovation. Socially, advertising is considered as harmful but economically, it represents one of the main factors of innovation and technological progress.This paper will show why and how the use of adver tising has tremendously increased from 1945 to today. Then, we will show that advertisers use many efficient means of controlling people’s behavior and habits. Finally, we will argue that the effects of advertising can be harmful for populations and economies among a society. Considering that it seems dangerous and manipulative, we can point out that it is a huge source of information. It allows consumers to stay informed about new alternatives in their daily life. Moreover, some people think that this is better to buy products that were advertised than products unadvertised.After World War II, many countries that have been concerned by the conflict had to re-build what was destroyed. The most affected by such a war was the moral of populations. Advertising already existed but it began a means of showing that life can continue without trouble. We might have seen this tendency in the United States first. In fact, many advertising campaigns had the aim to show solid families ev en if they have lost a brother, a father or a friend in Europe or in Asia. Companies have understood that such a disaster can be used to promote goods or services they propose to citizens.Then, the globalization of television in the 1940’s helped the development of the use of advertising. Such a means of communication is essential. Adverts might already have been seen in newspapers, billboards or on broadsides but never on a screen. Traditionally, companies already used paper-based supports to show a short preview about new products or innovations and a slogan. Following that tendency, this is the beginning of the consumption society. Advertising encourages people to buy more and more goods. On the long run, it creates a way of thinking that develops an addiction.Commercials for Coca Cola are one of the best examples that affect the overall society. Drinking Coke improves citizens’ daily life because it gets satisfaction. â€Å"It has a taste that’s uniquely sa tisfying – a quality that’s unmistakable† (Fowles, Jib. Page 725). Another example is the place of women in society. They are targets of advertisers who promote goods that ensure an easier family life. â€Å"In terms of products represented, ads that illustrate this period concern mainly cigarettes, alcohol (beer and liquor), automobiles, food and drink, household cleaners, lotions and perfumes. † (Fowles, Jib. Page 691).The example of Camels cigarettes illustrates the situation (Fowles, Jib. Page 693). In 1947, advertisers pointed out the fact that doctors smoked more Camels cigarettes than other brands. Population will think this is not so harmful for their health and will buy more Camel cigarettes. The United States of America were a rich country before World War II. At the end of the conflict, it was clear that it was the richest country. This economic situation has encouraged the development of advertising. Each time there is a progress in a sector of the industry, advertisers improve their means of attracting people.At the beginning, it was only on paper-based supports with drawings. In 1951, it was the birth of television in color. The broadcast of public programs has considerably increased the audience and as a consequence, the impact of advertising. In addition, the economic period was favorable and many people might buy goods and services such as cars or household cleaners. On one hand, the video support allows consumers to be better informed but on the other hand, it encourages them to buy things they don’t need. According to a survey of the Census Bureau in the USA in the 1990’s, 98% of the American households owned one TV set. Census Bureau) In the 1980’s, the appearance of the Internet highlights a new period of advertising. Populations using this new technology of information are constantly confronted to adverts. â€Å"In 1994, Hot-wired site launches with the first banner adds from AT&T, Spri nt, MCI, Volvo and others† (Tungate, Mark). It was only a small part of the total advertising market but it increased at the same time the use of this new tool increased. The number of advertising agencies has considerably increased. There are more and more companies that use adverts to show their catalogue on paper, on buildings, on television and on the Internet.It is clear that, today, advertising is an essential part of the budget of businesses. Considering such a use of that tool, many people consider that advertisers make commercials in order to control consumers’ behavior and habits. â€Å"Advertising is the art of arresting the human intelligence just long enough to get money from it† (Blore, Chuck in Shah, Anup). The second subject that this paper will illustrate is to show that controlling consumers by the means of advertising is a today’s debate. In fact, advertisers are able to use tricky methods in order to attract people’s attention. H owever, as the year progressed, the sophistication of advertising methods and technics has advanced, enticing and shaping and even creating consumerism and needs where there has been none before, or turning luxuries into necessities† (Shah, Anup). Households are controlled against their will. When they are confronted to advertising, they are persuaded that they have to buy the product of one company. Everyone faces persuasion. We can see it in every street, in the cinema, on television, on Internet†¦ Advertisers give arguments based on populations’ daily life and use them to prove the benefits of a good or a service.If some people are always busy, there can be a good that helps them to be better organized. The advert will show that such a situation can be improved just by buying a particular product, produced by a particular company. This is the basis of persuasion. Following that, there are many methods that can be used to promote and sell. â€Å"Sometimes the si mple facts of our case are overwhelmingly persuasive. Other times we appeal to some need or motive of our listener because the facts alone aren’t persuasive enough† (Bovee, Courtland L. , Arens, William F. Page 687).Although the persuasion is not enough efficient, it is clear that the emotional appeals are the best way to force consumers’ to buy. Such a means of attracting people depends on the targets. Luxury brands will use arguments that attract consumers earning a lot of money. They display elements of a rich individual’s life and the fact that the product or the service was made for him. On the contrary, if the advert concerns the middle-class, it will be adapted to the â€Å"condition† of those people. In fact, this is also the case of consumers that do not need to put forward their income. There are advertising sponsors at both ends of that spectrum. Food companies offer natural products as well as convenience packaged goods. Shoe companies o ffer simple sandals as well as formal footwear† (Bovee, Courtland L. , Arens, William F. Page 687). This is why heroes are put forward in adverts. An individual who practices a sport and sees that his idol uses a specific product will encourage him to buy it. In the case of prevention, emotional appeals are the most adapted. Government uses this means to make people aware of what is dangerous.In order to reduce road traffic accidents, a commercial that shocks the audience appeals to fear. Consequences of such an advert will be more attention from drivers and fewer accidents on the road. We can’t explain how advertisers manipulate individuals without talking about subliminal stimuli. This means of controlling consumers’ behavior and habits is the most concealed because not everyone can perceive it. As a matter of fact, it is possible that not only individuals but also groups of individuals are controlled without their awareness. It changes their habits because the y do things they usually would ot do. We can determine that there are two ways to attempt an auditory. First, it touches the unconscious part of our brain. When people are reading a slogan or a sentence linked to an idea, several words are dissimulated and manipulate people by the language. It is clear that subliminal stimuli concerns the five censes. Consumers’ can hear, smell, touch things and be attracted. All of these criteria are strategically placed in order to have the maximum impact of perceptions. We take the example of a family that is shopping in a mall, they can see and hear promotions on products they didn’t intent to buy.Advertisers point out the fact that this is useful and essential. As the author William Cane pointed out: â€Å"Public concern about subliminal manipulation can be seen in 1957 when a marketing researcher looked into statistical data. James Vicary claimed to find dramatic increases in the sales of Coca-Cola and popcorn when he flashed th e phrases â€Å"Drink Coca-Cola† and â€Å"Eat popcorn† for 1/2000 of a second during a movie. The statistics showed an increase in popcorn sales by 58%, with an increase in Coca Cola sales by 18%. -Cola sales by 18%† (Cane, William.Umich. edu). Subliminal stimuli is used each time companies or politics want to control individuals against their will. Alternatively, advertisers can use sexual stimulants that influence individuals to buy. It is not difficult to determine what consumers need. Their fears are one of those determinants as well as their lack of self-confidence. Heroes can be put forward to prove that such a product can improve our everyday life. Movie stars are an example. People who have problems with their hair tend to buy lotions that a star uses.We know that adverts are created in such a way as to control consumers’ behavior and habits. Advertisers employed by companies manipulate people psychologically and force to buy things they donâ€⠄¢t usually need. The last part of this paper will deals with consequences of control and manipulation not only on individuals but also on economies. Finally, there are many consequences not only on individuals but also on economies. Manipulation and control through advertising can lead to critical effects on targeted consumers. In fact, there are different categories of eople in a society while the reaction is not the same in front of adverts. This is what we will demonstrate. First, one of the consequences of advertising campaigns is that it â€Å"makes us too materialistic† (Bovee, Courtland L. and Arens, William F. Page 686). It changes the value of every system and encourages the development of the consumption society. The acquisition of a product or using a service can change our daily life. With this idea, individuals are forced to think that buying more and more goods will make them more important. USA is the best example of such a situation. For example, they point o ut the fact that millions of Americans own 20 or more pairs of shoes, several TV sets, and often more than one vehicle† (Bovee, Courtland L. and Arens, William F. Page 686). Advertisers are looking for happiness linked with materialism. Companies don’t care about culture or improvements of the overall behavior of populations. The only thing that interests them is to sell. Finally, this materialism creates a cultural gap. It encourages the division of societies and creates conflicts. Then, there are questions about interferences with ethnicities.It is often the case in the USA and in every country where advertising is present. Advertisers use criteria such as the gender, the skin color, the social condition, or historical facts. In a country where there is a â€Å"melting pot†, it is considered as discrimination. We can say that commercials perpetuate stereotypes. As an example, when an advert targets women, it has been adapted realistically because they take an i mportant place in purchasing decisions. Even if there are improvements, there are still â€Å"bias and sexism in advertising† (Bovee, Courtland L. and Arens, William F. Page 689).Manipulation of children and teenagers through advertising can be critical. The possible harmful effects on both of these age ranges are significant. First, it is important to point out the fact that they are the most vulnerable and suggestible. When they are watching television, even if this is a program adapted to their age, commercials that are not adapted are broadcast and can influence them negatively. In the article â€Å"Advertising: Information or Manipulation† written by DeRego Makenzie, she is telling her experience with the effects of several adverts on children’s minds: â€Å"As an example, I was babysitting.My friend and I were watching her favorite show on Disney Channel: Hannah Montana. A commercial came on, and I stared at the screen in shock; in between two segments of a children's show, there was a commercial advertising Enzyte! I knew this could not be appropriate, and when she asked me what it was, I was dumbfounded. How was I supposed to answer that? Furthermore, children by the age of seven are exposed to commercials like these at least twenty thousand times. †Ã‚   Such a testimony confirms that advertisers don’t care about consequences of commercials if vulnerable minds are watching them.Regarding teenagers, this is more a problem with cigarettes and alcohol. They are more and more smoking cigarettes and drinking alcohol. Advertising is a factor of this tendency. It is clear that alcohol ads on television have been multiplied in the last few years. This is what is shown by the Center on Alcohol Marketing and Youth. One of their studies confirms that the top fifteen programs in 2003 had alcohol in their ads. Due to advertising’s influence on populations, there are economic consequences not only on individuals but also on companies.Consumers buy goods while the price is not always affordable. The fact that advertising encourages them to spend more and more money leads to economic problems. First, it forces them to borrow money from banks. On the short run, they can pay what they want but on the long run, many people can’t refund. Such a situation breaks the stability of families and of the overall economy. In the case of companies, they spend billions of dollars in adverts. It creates a competition between firms that many of them can’t assume. A company with a huge turnover will spend more on advertising than a modest business.Consequences will be that these modest businesses will shutdown because of the lack of customers willing to visit malls or any other huge business. We currently live in a profit-driven society. Individuals are constantly bombarded of adverts from companies, from the government or from any other institution that wishes to sell goods and services. To attract people, advertisers use tricky means and control consumers’ behavior and habits. What is often not shown is the impact of those methods. The aim is to encourage us to buy more and more against our awareness.Additionally, it maintains the idea of the consumption society and may cause economic problems for the large-scale. Following surveys, it affects vulnerable individuals such as children and is harmful. A social gap is being created due to the use of ethnicities, religions and other very sensitive issues. This paper has shown that the use of advertising has tremendously increased from the end of World War II to today and that it is clearly harmful for societies. It has created a new way of thinking which is maintained because of the methods that are more and more improved.At least, the addiction consecutive to the modification of populations’ behavior is increasing.WORK CITED PAGE Bovee, Courtland L. , and Arens, William F. The Indictments Against Advertising, Advertising M akes Us Too Materialistic. Writing and Reading Across the Curriculum, 10th edition by Laurence Behrens University of California, 2008. Pearson Longman pp. 685-691. Cohen, Dorothy. Elements of Effective Layout. Writing and Reading Across the Curriculum, 10th edition by Laurence Behrens University of California, 2008. Pearson Longman pp. 681-684. Cane, William. The Roots of Subliminal Perception. (www. umich. du) Census Bureau (www. census. gov) DeRego, Makenzie. Floyd Dryded Voices: Advertising: Information or Manipulation. Web. Wednesday, January 28th, 2008 (www. capitalcityweekly. com) Fowles, Jib. Chapter 13, New and Improved: Six Decades of Advertising, A Portfolio of Advertisements: 1945-2003. Writing and Reading Across the Curriculum, 10th edition by Laurence Behrens University of California, 2008. Pearson Longman pp. 691-737. Shah, Anup. Media and Advertising. Web. March 4th 2012. (www. globalissues. org) Tungate, Mark. Adland: A Global History Of Advertising. Philadelphia : K ogan Pages. 3 July 2007. Print.

Resource Identification

Learning is a process that can be difficult or easy, depending on two main variables; the student and the available resources. These resources determine the learning curve of the student. Even if the student is intelligent and the learning tools are not sufficient, things may become difficult. Students should be able to get help whenever a difficult situation arrives. Easy access to these tools is key component for the success of students. The most beneficial resources are detailed in this paper. APA Information and Samples. The first and one of the most beneficial resources available is the APA Information and Samples section in the Center of Writing Excellence (Apollo Group Inc, 2008). The APA Sample Paper is an excellent guide for students who need information on how to format their paper. This sample paper can prove useful when students are in the process of writing their paper and want to find out how to format according to APA, how to use citations and how to provide references. The APA Reference and Citations document illustrates â€Å"in-text citations and references for books† (Apollo Group Inc, 2008) and other sources. Citation examples are readily available for reference. Before starting a paper, students are encouraged to use the ‘APA Title Page Template’. The template is properly formatted and students can get started immediately. All these APA resources can prove to be very helpful. Center for Writing Excellence A large variety of tools are provided to students in order to improve their writing skills. Some of these tools are new features that are designed to be used repeatedly. ‘My Papers’ is a place where reviewed papers are stored for students. The following four resources are the primary features of ‘Center of Writing Excellence’. WritePointSM. WritePoint is a tool that finds grammar mistakes and provides feedback by â€Å"inserting comments into the text of a paper† (Apollo Group Inc, 2008) where required. This greatly reduces the chances of committing grammatical errors. This tool is very easy to use and has very short return time. Students can submit multiple drafts until they are satisfied with the result. Tutor Review. Tutor review is a much more comprehensive tool that is used to obtain feedback on â€Å"format, grammar, organization, punctuation, and usage† (Apollo Group Inc, 2008) of the submitted paper. This service has a longer return time and is used near the start or middle of the study week. Students can use this feature to improve their writing. Plagiarism Checker is by far the most important tool in eliminating ‘Accidental Plagiarism’. It points out necessary adjustments to â€Å"citations and quotation marks using APA format or rewrite their papers using original material† (Apollo Group Inc, 2008). Students should use this tool at least once before submitting the paper. Tutorials and Guides. â€Å"The Tutorials and Guides section is designed to help students improve grammar and writing skills† (Apollo Group Inc, 2008). The main resources include tutorials for Grammar, Plagiarism and English Language Learners (Apollo Group Inc, 2008). The use of these resources in combination with WritePoint and Tutor review helps students obtain greater insight on writing at graduate level. Students should use these resources whenever they get a chance. University Library Meritus University has excellent resources under the library section. The search tool provided is powerful and when used correctly, it can give large number of hits. It provides the convenience of doing research from the comfort of own study room. eBooks The eBooks section contains a wide range of textbooks that students can access anytime for reference. These eBooks can prove to be helpful for students who need to roam outside the course material to find what they are looking for. Classroom. All the information required for the course is under the materials tab. The Main folder under the discussion tab is important for sharing ideas, working together and feedback from the instructor. The whole classroom experience is very interactive. Conclusion The above mentioned resources are designed to make the learning process easier. Students would use these resources whenever they require quick help without going to the instructor or classmates. With sufficient practice these tools can prove to be very useful. References Apollo Group Inc. (2008). Grammar and Writing Guides. Retrieved August 2, 2009, from https://mycampus.meritusu.ca/staticfiles/aapd/grammar2/tutsandguides1.aspx Meritus University. (2009). Center for Writing Excellences. Retrieved August 2, 2009, from https://mycampus.meritusu.ca/classroom/ic/cwe/home.aspx Meritus University. (2009). University Library Home Page. Retrieved August 2, 2009, from http://www.apollolibrary.com/LibraryNew/library.aspx Meritus University. (2009). eBook Collection. Retrieved August 2, 2009, from https://mycampus.meritusu.ca/content/eBookLibrary2/content/home.aspx Meritus University. (2009). Integrated Classroom. Retrieved August 2, 2009, from https://mycampus.meritusu.ca/classroom/ic/classroom.aspx

Adjudication, the legal process of resolving a dispute

The formal giving or pronouncing of a judgment or decree in a court proceeding; also the judgment or decision was given. The entry of a decree by a court in respect to the parties in a case. It implies a hearing by a court, after notice, of legal evidence on the factual issue(s) involved. The equivalent of a determination. It indicates that the claims of all the parties thereto have been considered and set at rest.Three types of disputes are resolved through adjudication: disputes between private parties, such as individuals or corporations; disputes between private parties and public officials; and disputes between public officials or public bodies. The requirements of full adjudication include notice to all interested parties (all parties with a legal interest in, or legal right affected by, the dispute) and an opportunity for all parties to present evidence and arguments. The adjudicative process is governed by formal rules of evidence and procedure. Its objective is to reach a reasonable settlement of the controversy at hand. A decision is rendered by an impartial, passive fact finder, usually a judge, jury, or administrative tribunal. The adjudication of a controversy involves the performance of several tasks. The trier must establish the facts in controversy, and define and interpret the applicable law, or, if no relevant law exists, fashion a new law to apply to the situation. Complex evidentiary rules limit the presentation of proofs, and the Anglo-American tradition of Stare Decisis, or following precedents, controls the outcome. However, the process of applying established rules of law is neither simple nor automatic. Judges have considerable latitude in interpreting the statutes or case law upon which they base their decisions.A hearing in which the parties are given an opportunity to present their evidence and arguments is essential to an adjudication. The Anglo-American law presumes that the parties to the dispute are in the best position to know the facts of their particular situations and develop their own proofs. If the hearing is before a court, formal rules of procedure and evidence govern; a hearing before an Administrative Agency is generally less structured.Following the hearing, the decision maker is expected to deliver a reasoned opinion. This opinion is the basis for review if the decision is appealed to a higher tribunal (a court of appeals). It also helps ensure that decisions are not reached arbitrarily. Finally, a well-reasoned opinion forces the judge to carefully think through his or her decision in order to be able to explain the process followed in reaching it. Adjudication of a controversy generally ensures a fair and equitable outcome. Because courts are governed by evidentiary and procedural rules, as well as by stare decisis, the adjudicative process assures litigants of some degree of efficiency, uniformity, and predictability of result.

Aesthetics- Philosophy of Art Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Aesthetics- Philosophy of Art - Essay Example In aesthetics you have to see for yourself precisely because what you have to "see" is not a property: your knowledge that an aesthetic feature is "in" the object is given by the same criteria that show that you "see" it. To see the sadness in the music and to know that the music is sad are one and the same thing. To agree in the judgment that the music is sad is not to agree in a belief, but in something more like a response or an experience" (Eldridge 145: 2003).It has long been recognized that human beings find a variety of visual and auditory appearances to be extremely fascinating. Certain sunsets, flowers, birdsongs, and beautiful bodies, among natural things, and certain pots, carvings, vocalizations, and marked surfaces, among humanly made things, seem to engage eye or ear simultaneously with thoughtful mind. In experiencing such things, we feel we want the experience to continue for "its own sake, " at least for some further time. The Greek uses a phrase to kalon which means the fine, the good, or the beautiful, to describe many sorts of things that are attractive to mind and eye or ear, without sharply distinguishing natural beauty from artistic merit (or moral goodness). "In the Symposium, Socrates reports that the priestess Diotima once instructed him in how a lover who goes about this matter correctly must begin in his youth to devote himself to beautiful bodies, first loving one body, then many (as he comes to understand that they are alike in beauty), next beautiful minds, beautiful laws and customs, beautiful ideas and theories, until finally he will come to love the Beautiful itself, absolute, pure, unmixed, not polluted by human flesh or colors or any other great nonsense of mortality." (Eldridge 47: 2003) In pleasing us, natural and artistic beauty, according to Kant, serve no outer purpose. The experience of beauty does not yield knowledge, and it does not of itself enable the satisfaction of desires for material goods. Yet it is not nonetheless merely agreeable or pleasant; instead, the experience of beauty matters. Beauty in nature makes us feel as though the natural world were congenial to our purposes and projects. In feeling the beautiful natural object to be "as it were" intelligible or made for us to apprehend it, we further feel that nature as a whole, which seems to "shine forth" in beauty, is favorable to our cognitive and practical interests as subjects. To experience a beautiful sunset, according to Kant, is to feel (though not to know theoretically) that nature makes sense. Kant's terminology may be difficult, the experience he is describing is a familiar one. Beautiful objects of nature or art engage our attention. We love them by paying active, cognitive attention to t hem, even if we do not get anything from them or even if it brings out the inner most emotions from us. The above discussion brings us to compare art with emotions, the reason why identifications with artists and imaginative participation in experiences and emotions are available to us is that works of art are made things, products or instances of human action. To understand an action, including actions of artistic making, is to understand its suitable motivation by reasons in contexts. Actions of artistic making, including the making of both narrative art and non-narrative art, are concerned with the shaping of materials to hold attention on a presented subject matter. (In abstract work, the presented subject matters are often centrally the perception and gestural action of the artist and the possibility of the audience's imaginative participation in that perception and gestural action.) Whatever emotions figure in attention to this subject matter are emotions that members of the audience are solicited to experience and explore, as they participate in the attention that is embodied in the work. The understanding of art is much related to exploring, to understand art critically is to explore it imaginatively, guided by a range of relevant

Bariatric Surgery Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3750 words

Bariatric Surgery - Research Paper Example Firstly, according to Padwal et al., bariatric surgery is the solution to the treatment of type 2 diabetes that occurs in conjunction with obesity when all other methods have failed to produce positive results. It has been evidenced that some individuals that undergo the procedure with high blood sugar levels recover within days to weeks after the surgery. Buchwald et al. demonstrated the applicability of bariatric surgery in the treatment of Type 2 diabetes in a case whereby all other medication approaches had failed to produce results. Secondly, the area of study chosen for this study is in Australia whereby the members of the public have raised a lot of concern about the reasons as to why patients with obesity and diabetes type 2 have to spend the rest of their lives in healthcare centres in addition to facing unstoppable deaths either from the two conditions or from other conditions associated with obesity. This particular study will, therefore, bring into practice a therapeutic procedure known as bariatric surgery into practice, whose outcomes are desirable with reduced times of stay in the hospital and also associated with little chances of hospital re-admission. Pharmacotherapy is also advisable, but it has its own risks of adverse effects hence should only be administered if the benefit is worth the risk. Obesity is as serious as any other chronic disease hence partnership between the patient with the high motivation of recovering and committed health practitioners is essential.

Intrusion Detection System Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Intrusion Detection System - Assignment Example I shall isolate the affected computer within no time so as to protect the other computers on the network. First, I shall unplug the network cable and then physically disconnect the victim computer from the network which will block the attacker from gaining further access to the computer as well as from infecting other computers on the network. I shall change the subnet mask on the attacked port or try creating a VLAN, and if the network router is not capable of creating VLANs, then I could use another router â€Å"by using the wan port as the connection† to the original router (Techie, 2009). After getting the system disconnected both from the internet and the network, I shall think about doing a proper action with the attacked port 3389. Because the intruder infected the port 3389, it would be necessary to block it and open it only for local functions with the co-computers. I shall look for any important network passwords that might have been saved on the computer. I shall find out if there was any sensitive information saved, such as any credit card details and if yes, then the credit card company has to be notified immediately. I shall ask myself when the first time I caught something was going wrong which I had not considered important at that time. Other inquiries that will be necessary are that- whether the anti-virus software installed had been updated or contained non-updated virus definitions. I shall find out if upgrades had been installed and were operational. It will also be important to investigate whether VPN had been established to protect the network from getting intruded and to reduce the security breach. I shall make arrangements for the continuity of network operations like preparing redundant system and obtaining data back-ups (the State of California, 2009).

STATS Statistics Project Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

STATS - Statistics Project Example The author of this article, titled â€Å"The CDC Conspiracy† has genuinely tried to conduct some media analysis on this subject. Commenting on Brain Hooker’s paper that covered the facts about this topic, the article is critical about its coverage as the paper never bothered to look into the reviews of other media publications like The Washington Post, The New York Times or The Los Angels Times. This provides evidence that Hooker had certain interest to suppress some useful critical statistical data, as claimed by a researcher on the subject and later in a story published in Hooker’s paper by William Thompson. Although CNN tried to present information from two opposite sides, this report also added to confusion of the interested readers. With the background of a senior CDC scientist, who turned a whistle blower: a senior CDC researcher supported the allegation that important data was held-back, intentionally.(Butterworth, 2015) The analysis of this article also throws some light on the media rivalry, which often results in pinpointing each other’s mistakes. However, A few impartial researchers like Rebecca Goldin will always be there, helping anxious readers to reach an impartial

Michel Foucault Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Michel Foucault - Research Paper Example What did his work do? It linked philosophy with history by â€Å"encompassing such diverse topics as changing attitudes to insanity in post-Renaissance European society, the development of the prison system within the same society, and the codes of governing sexual practice in class times† (â€Å"Foucault†). Foucault deems it to be vital to outline the methods involved in the utilization of social control in society. Some of his major works include Madness and Civilization, The Order of Things and History of Sexuality (â€Å"Foucault†). Foucault’s multi-volume work entitled History of Sexuality provides an excellent excerpt that portrays Foucault’s vision and ideas. Part One: We â€Å"Other Victorians† is an excellent example of Foucault explaining how self-identity imposed by the dominant social culture affects the individual. Foucault’s exact words are, â€Å"†¦the imperial prude is emblazoned on our restrained, mute, and hypoc ritical sexuality† (Foucault 3). In private, sexuality is an open and cherished part of life. However, in society, it is frowned upon, even considered to be a sin if it is not contained within the boundaries of religion aka; after marriage. Sexual phrases and words have become taboo. Foucault says it used to be that, â€Å"sexual practices had little need of secrecy; words were said without undue reticence, and things were done without too much concealment; one had a tolerant familiarity with the illicit† (Foucault 3). In other words, perhaps sexuality was not a comfortable subject for every one, but when it was brought up in conversation, it was not treated with intense disdain. People tolerated the topic because it is one that is shared by the majority. But according to Foucault, that now has changed. The mention of sexuality in a social setting is socially prohibited. He says it best when he says, â€Å"The conjugal family took custody of it and absorbed it into the serious function of reproduction† (Foucault 3). Not only had the term sexuality become buried into the background, it had taken on a new identity. Foucault challenged the new system. Nothing had physically changed about sexuality including how people identified or used it in the privacy of their own homes. Its social meaning had altered to a state of something done for a ‘higher’ purpose only. There is suddenly no reason to perform the act of intimacy without the intention of making a baby. When sex was brought up in the Victorian period, it was immediately silenced (Foucault 3). Why did this happen? Foucault believed it to stem from the birth of purity. People in the Victorian Age prized the idea of prudency. But prudency, or purity, is considered to be unrelated, and even opposite, of sexuality according to the Puritans of the Victorian period. Sexuality, or sex, is deemed dirty and inappropriate. Especially, in context of desire vs. necessity. What is desire e xactly in terms of sexuality? According to the Merriam-Webster dictionary, desire is be defined as â€Å"conscious impulse toward something that promises enjoyment or satisfaction in its attainment; sexual urge or appetite.† But what is so wrong about the enjoyment of sex? A prude, who is considered better than others in Victorian society, would not consider sex enjoyable in social conversation. It is a mere act taken between two married people for the sole purpose of producing children. Purity is defined as â€Å"the quality or state of being pure† (â€Å"Purity†). What is most interesting about the word purity is that

Theatre Critique It's Only a Play Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Theatre Critique It's Only a Play - Essay Example The comedy play was a celebration of the art and actors performed with lot of conviction. The play was a cascade of jokes and made the audience happy from the beginning to the end, which is a sign of victory. 2.The performer â€Å"Kate Herell who acted as virginia† seems to not have delivered her lines completely at times so did not come up to the mark. The performance of â€Å"Craig as Ira† was well defined and the gestures were perfect indeed.He came up to the mark and left a remarkable impression on the audience. â€Å"Emma† was a star that performed utterly well and carried the play with ample spirit .She showed her full potential to the audience and was the shooting star of the play. Christopher who enacted â€Å"Peter† was looked slightly uncomfortable in his character and required more attentiveness and dedication from his side to make his character look wholesome and rich. Nick Dickert was distinct in his acting and did full justice to his characte r as â€Å"James† but his voice was trembling at certain points. 3. The performers who were disliked were Kate Herell, Christopher Lynch and Ryan Flint.Kate Was not impressive as she was not consistent with her dialogues. There was less of life in her voice and could not enter well in to the character of â€Å"Virginia† which she was potrayed.Whereas, Christopher Lynch was not feeling fully the character of â€Å" Peter† and some how looked less lively and vibrant. It is very essential for an actor to get in to the shoes of the character to bring about full life in to the play. On the other side Ryan Flint had a less powerful voice which made his character of â€Å"Frank† dull. Dialogues are an essential part of a play, so if it is not balanced with the acting skill can bring in chaos and incompleteness to the character as well as the play. 4. The play all in all was an average performance and did not fail to amaze the audience. But it was unfortunate to notice some actors not supporting others and making it a t time’s poor performance. In some areas â€Å"Christopher Lynch† was not interacting well with â€Å"Kate Herell† and was in a hurry to completer his part of the dialogue. And also Kate seems to rush through some parts showing that she had forgotten certain lines. Noah Mittman, at other times is displaying to be very overpowering, thus making all actors less confident and assertive. It is not good for one actor to stand out in a play because a good play is where all characters blend with each other to produce a smooth and sound theatrical show. Craig Ewing in some of the scenes was attempting to be the one man of the show by giving dialogues loud. DIRECTING 5. The unified idea of the director behind this play is to create a play which is a complete comedy in nature and which will keep the audience laugh all the while they are wathcing.The entire cast of the show was also doing the same by being extremely joyous and filled with humor sense. The director made a striking visual image with the cab driver who was played by Emma as she was costumed distinctly and apart from other actors of the play. Even Julia and Virginia played by â€Å"Ilasiea Gray†and Kate Herell respectively were dressed glamorously and colorfully which was a visual treat. The lighting of the play was striking and bright which added to the whole theme of the play. SCENERY 6. The whole background of the play was the room where all the characters were waiting for the review of their acting. The room had light colored wall and a

Measuring National Identity for the U.A.E National and Resident Essay

Measuring National Identity for the U.A.E National and Resident Consumers - Essay Example The literature review will focus on addressing this gap by reviewing theories on both self-identity and national identity and concluding on the relationship that exists between these two. This research study will therefore build on the literature relative to self-identity and national identity and later link these with consumer preferences using the (national identity) NATID scale. This literature review is divided into four main parts. The first part of the literature review examines applicable theories and forms the basis of the theoretical framework for conducting this study. The second part of this chapter reviews the literature on both self-identity and national identity and their roles in consumer decision making. The third part of the literature review will then be narrowed to main research topic on national identity by describing the NATID including its history and development as a valid scale for measuring national identity. The chapter closes with a summary and conclusion on all the major themes and aspects of review that has been performed. This section of the chapter is dedicated to reviewing theories on self identity and national identity. Theories on self-identity and national identity are selected given the gap already referred to, where most existing works of literature have failed to acknowledge the impact of self-identity on the construction of national identity. As far as self-identity is concerned, the performativity theory shall be reviewed whilst the social identity theory and evolutionary theory of nationality shall be reviewed under national identity. Each of the three theories will pave way for constructing a hypothesis which will later be tested through the collection of primary data from respondents in UAE. Judith Butler’s theory developed in 1990 of performativity has long been used in the analysis of the

Ability to recall from memory an event Essay Example for Free

Ability to recall from memory an event Essay A study by Loftus and Palmer (1974) into the accuracy of Eye Witness Testimony aimed to find out if changing the wording of a question could distort ones ability to recall from memory an event. They showed their participants a series of car crash videos before asking them to fill out a questionnaire. One of the most important questions included asking the participants what speed the cars were travelling at. They used an independent measures design to divide the participants into 5 conditions: Smashed, Collided, Bumped, Hit, Contacted. The results from this experiment provide good research into accuracy of eyewitness testimony because it found that by changing the wording of a question, it significantly influenced the speeds given by the participants. For example, those in the smashed condition provided the highest average of speed of 40.8mph, whilst those in the contacted conditions average were merely 31.8mph. Similarly, when called back a week later and asked if any broken glass was seen, they found that although there wasnt any present, 32% in the smashed condition said they had seen broken glass. Loftus and Palmer therefore concluded that by using the word smash it gives suggestions of strong impact and thus shows that leading questions have an impact on the accuracy of eyewitness ability to re-call situations. The strengths from this study include providing useful insight for the police so they know that when interviewing witnesses they should be aware of the way they phrase their questions to ensure the memory of the witness isnt distorted in any way. Similarly, it shows that juries should be thoughtful before accepting the validity of a witness when listening to eye witness testimonies.  On the other hand there are also weaknesses to this study. Firstly, it lacks mundane realism and ecological validity because the film shown has less emotional impact than a real life situation would and the participants knew they were about to watch a film so thus transferred their full attention to the video, whereas in real life they would be taken by surprise. Similarly, contradictory evidence from Yuille and Cutshall (1986) weakens the credibility of this study. They interviewed people that had witnessed an incident where someone was shot dead and fatally injured and found that the witnesses accounts were not influenced by the leading questions and were in fact very clear. This suggests that more intense incidents perhaps improve ability of re-call. Other psychological research into anxiety and violence tells us more about accuracy of eye witness testimony. Yerkes-Dodson Law for example believed that an increase in arousal increases performance up to a certain point, which they called optimum level. They believed that once arousal when higher or lower than this level it would affect memory performance. This is supported by Peters (1988) who found that those receiving inoculations in a clinic (an anxiety generating event) found it difficult in accurately identifying the nurse who issued their jab. One can conclude that this was due to the high levels of arousal surrounding the participant during the time of the jab. Moreover, researcher has been conducted into whether attention focus or anxiety was the sole reason behind poor recall. Loftus Burns (1982) found that details of less-violent crimes were more accurate than details of highly violent crimes. Whilst Clifford scott (1978) found that witnesses to violent incidents generally re-call less than witness to non violent, regardless of whether a weapon was used. This shows that the level of violence involved in the incident had a strong influence on the accuracy of eyewitness testimony. Lastly, there is also research into how age affects accuracy of eyewitness testimony. Studies have shown that children are more likely to get influenced if tested on eye witness testimony than adults due to things such as language ability or memory processes. Evidence into language ability comes from Goodman and Schaaf (1997) who found that the more complex the question, the less accurate the answer given by the child. This suggests that one aspect of ensuring that eyewitness testimony remains accurate is to not test the child on skills that they are not fully developed in yet e.g. complex language. This is backed by a study by Ceci et al (2000) who found that children aged between 3-4 years were more influenced by leading questions. Research into memory processes shows that children may lack detail but not accuracy when it comes to re-call, which was found by Goodman and Reed (1986). Similarly, Memon et al (2003) studied the accuracy of young and older eye witnesses found that after 35 minutes there was no difference in accuracy of identification however, after 1 week, the older generation worsened significantly more than the younger generation.  To conclude, there has been a great deal of research into the accuracy of eye witness testimony and this has shown that there are many things that influence someones ability to re-call a situation accurately. Therefore, one could say that Eye witness testimony isnt the most accurate method.

Stable President Essay Example for Free

Stable President Essay 1. Do presidents have so much power that they can almost guarantee reelection to more than two terms? Instead of starting a second term knowing he could not serve again, the president would be able to keep congress and the public guessing, thereby retain their influence until the last minute. There was a great belief early on of steadiness for America, and to achieve that there must be a stable president, so it was more likely back then to be reelected opposed to getting change. Presidents were arguably more effective if their opponents assumed they would be running for another term. 2. Does the two-term limit weaken the president’s ability to influence the course of the nation in the second term? Washington’s two term presidency was applauded, but the founders did not encourage a term limit. They argued that such a limit would have weakened the public’s voice in keeping the president honest. Presidents are then again, more effective if their allies and opponents assume they may be running for another term. Otherwise, they will lose their influence. 3. What checks and balances ensure that presidents can be held accountable even if they are lame ducks? The office carries such great power that lame duck status may keep presidents from abusing their power even as lame ducks, they retain significant influence on Capitol Hill in their fifth and sixth years. The founders believed that elections serve to discipline the president for his actions, while the four-year term provides enough time to achieve policy results. They believed that steadiness in administration would help the country survive its early years, while giving the president a reason to create policies that would help the nation long into the future. PAGE 353 4. In one or two paragraphs explain the president’s responsibility in each of the three roles discussed in the chapter Presidents work as Morale Builders by projecting a sense of national unity and authority. Through their everyday actions, they are bale to arouse despair, hope, honor or dishonor. Building more morale simply means unlocking a sense of public good for the nation. For example, the weeks following September 11th Bush needed to boost the morale of America to instill the hope among all the pain. Presidents work as Agenda Setters by for proposing initiatives in foreign policy and economic growth. They seek out new campaigns to later be defined by office staff. They make new economic policy to keep unemployment low, social policy to support legislation, and national security to uphold strong presidential authority in the area. Presidents work as Persuaders through using skillful campaigning to win over the hearts of Americans. They have reduced the number of press conferences over the past five decades, and instead public press conferences have gained leverage. PAGE 354 12. List the three main causes of conflict between the president and Congress Presidential Mandates is a cause of conflict because the winner-take-all system tends to make the president’s popular vote look larger than it really is. Mandates also determine public approval for whether or not the President is just in opinion on specific policies. Public Approval causes conflict due to the depending on public approval and how it usually falls over a given time. Presidents benefit instead from rally points, spikes in public approval following a domestic crisis. This could boost a President’s followers over a very short amount of time due to the events happening in the present. Reputation often causes conflict by the fact that the longer presidents stay in office, the better they get at being president. They can learn how to persuade people by giving them what they want to hear, how to show the right image to the people, and how to operate. Presidents also gain knowledge of how to shield the bad.

Cardiac Activity and Ventricular Tachycardia (VT) Waveform

Cardiac Activity and Ventricular Tachycardia (VT) Waveform Lachlan Donnet-Jones Sudden cardiac death (SCD) is one of the leading causes of mortality in Australia. One of the primary causes of SCD is cardiac dysrhythmias, such as, Ventricular Tachycardia (VT). The most effective treatment for life-threatening cardiac dysrhythmias is defibrillation. This essay will examine the relationship between cardiac activity and the Ventricular Tachycardia (VT) waveform, and discuss how defibrillation may terminate this dysrhythmia, allowing the heart to return to a normal rhythm. The typical healthy adult heart will have a resting heart rate of between 60 and 100 beats per minute (Saladin, 2011). When the heart beats abnormally fast, it pumps less effectively, which decreases the level of perfusion to the tissue of the body, including the heart itself. This rapid heart rate increases the hearts muscle tissues (myocardium) demand for oxygen, and without intervention, can lead to the death of myocardial cells, which is known as a Myocardial Infarction (MI) (Huazers, 20). Each year in Australia approximately 55,000 people suffer a heart attack, or an Acute Myocardial Infarction (AMI). This is equal to 150 heart attacks per day or one in every 10 minutes (Heart Foundation). The Australian Bureau of Statistics reported that over 350,000 Australians will suffer an AMI at some point in their lives (ABS, health survey). In Trappes’ 2012 research article, Trappe notes that there is no single factor that causes an AMI, it is a multifactorial problem, however, approximately ninety percent of AMI’s are caused by tachyarrhythmia’s (Trappe, 2012). Before one can gain a thorough understanding of dysthymias, it is necessary to develop a fundamental grasp of the heart’s electrical conduction system and the associated physiology and pathophysiology. The primary function of the electrical conduction system is to transmit electrical impulses from the sinoatrial node (SA node) (normal site of conception) down to the atria and ventricles, triggering a contraction of heart muscle (myocardium) and controlling the heart rate. In a normal sinus rhythm, originating from the SA node, there are three phases; atrial depolarisation, ventricular depolarisation and atrial and ventricular repolarisation. The SA node is found within the wall of the right atrium proximal to the entrance of the superior vena cava. Similar to all electrical nodes within the heart, the SA node is composed of pacemaker cells which generate automatic and regular electrical impulses. These electrical impulses travel through the walls of the right atrium, causing contraction of the heart muscle (myocardium), to the atrioventricular node (AV node) via internodal conduction tracts (anterior, middle, and posterior). A final SA node conduction pathway, known as Bachmann’s bundle (interatrial conduction tract), transmits electrical impulses across the heart to the left atrium. On an electrocardiogram (ECG) this atrial depolarisation is represented by the P wave. The fibrous annulus is a non-conductive layer of tissue which prevents the electrical impulse from travelling outside the perimeter of the atrium. The primary function of the AV node is to process the electrical impulses from the atria to the bundle of His in a way that slows the impulses arrival at the ventricles by approximately 0.12 seconds. This delay allows for the atria to empty and the ventricles to fill before the next contraction. After the bundle of His, the electrical impulse will travel down the right bundle branch and the left common bundle branch. These bundle branches continue to subdivide into smaller branches, the smallest of which connect to the Purkinje network, an elaborate mesh of minute Purkinje fibres which spread throughout the ventricles. In a normal functioning heart it will take an electrical impulse approximately 0.2 seconds to travel from the SA node to the Purkinje network in the ventricles. On an ECG, this is shown as the P-R interval. At this point the impulse causes the ventricles to contract, pumping the blood out of the ventricles and into the systemic circulation. This depolarisation of the ventricles is represented by the QRS complex. Immediately following a QRS complex, is a period of time in which there is no electrical activity in the myocardium. This is known as the S-T segment and is normally represented as a flat line, level with the isoelectric line of an ECG. The proceeding T wave represents the repolarisation of the ventricles to their resting state. If at any point in this process the electrical impulse is disturbed, it can create a cardiac dysrhythmia, such as if the SA node were to produce rapid electrical impulses, resulting in tachycardia (fast heart beat). Ventricular Tachycardia (VT) is a type of tachycardia that originates within the inferior chambers of the heart, called the ventricles. The ventricles are the primary pumps of the heart, therefore, when they are compromised it can quickly deteriorate into a life-threatening dysrhythmia, such as, ventricular fibrillation (VF) or asystole (Chou, 2008). The diagnosis of VT is made by examining the rhythm seen on a 12-lead electrocardiogram (ECG). Although numerous diagnostic criteria have been developed, such as the ‘Brugada Criteria’ (Brugada, 1991), the following are the most commonly accepted (Riley, 2008). The rate of VT is above 100 per minute, typically 150 to 200, with a regular rhythm. The R-S complex is absent in precordial leads, and there are three or more consecutive Premature Ventricular Contractions (PVCs) present (AV dissociation). The ectopic pacemaker is below the Atrioventricular node (AV node), therefore, the PR interval is irrelevant. In addition, different ambulance services will have their own specific diagnostic criteria for VT, for example, Ambulance Tasmania (AT) Clinical Practice Guidelines (CPG’s) state that the rhythm must present with QRS complexes of over 0.12 seconds, and be sustained for a period of over 30 seconds (sustained VT). VT can be classified using three methods; morphology, episode duration, and symptoms. In regards to morphology, there are two primary categories of VT; monomorphic and polymorphic. Monomorphic VT has numerous causes, but is determined by consistent appearance across all leads of an ECG. A common reason that the beats from each lead appear the same, is because the impulse is being generated from an increased rate of automaticity in a single point from the left or right ventricles. This means that the pacemaker cells, such as the Purkinje fibres in the left and right ventricles, that are able to reach an action potential on their own accord (automaticity), have increased the rate at which they fire impulses (intrinsic rate). Another reason for monomorphic VT is due to the presence of a re-entry circuit within the ventricle. A re-entry circuit occurs when an electrical impulse constantly travels in a constricted circle within the heart, as opposed to moving from one end of the heart to the other, like a normal electrical impulse circuit. Although monomorphic VT has many causes and contributing factors, the most common cause is scarring of the myocardial tissue from a previous MI episode. The scarred tissue left behind does not conduct electrical impulses, and therefore, the potential for a circuit around the scar can result in tachycardia. This is similar to the aforementioned re-entrant circuit, and is a common cause of other dysrhythmias, such as, atrial flutter (Af) and supraventricular tachycardia (SVT). Scar-related monomorphic VT is predominantly prevalent in patients who have a previously survived a MI, particularly in those who have damaged myocardium as a result (John, reference). Unlike the cons istent rhythm seen is monomorphic VT, polymorphic VT is an irregular rhythm that has constant variations in its morphology. A second method to define VT is studying the duration of the episode. Three or more consistent contractions on an ECG, originating from within a ventricle at over 100 beats per minute, is determined as VT. If the tachycardia rhythm terminates itself in under 30 seconds, it is considered non-sustained VT. If the rhythm continues beyond 30 seconds, it is considered sustained VT. The final method to classify VT is reviewing symptoms. When a patient is in VT, the loss of co-ordinated atrial contraction and high heart rate can impair cardiac output (CO), and therefore, they will not have a palpable pulse. This is known as Pulseless VT. Pulseless VT is concomitant with an absence of cardiac output (CO), and therefore, according to AT clinical practice guidelines, is to be treated as worst case scenario, which is ventricular fibrillation (VF), a shockable rhythm (CPG Reference). In a report from the American College of Cardiology, Zipes et. al note that VT can occasionally be accompanied by reasonable cardiac output and may even present as asymptomatic, however, the heart will not tolerate this rhythm for a sustained period of time, and will eventually deteriorate to pulseless VT or VF. Supraventricular Tachycardia (SVT) with a bundle branch block (BBB) or Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome is commonly misdiagnosed as VT (Trappe). This is due to the similar diagnostic characteristics, such as, wide QRS complexes and high heart rates, which are mutual in all wide complex tachycardia (litfl). It is important to differentiate the two because certain medications used to treat SVT could potentially worsen the patient’s condition. As Trappe notes in his research article ‘Treating critical supraventricular and ventricular arrhythmias’, it is always beneficial to treat for the worst case scenario, in this case, VT (Trappe, 2010). This opinion is mutual in regards to Ambulance Tasmania CPG’s, where it recommends treating for worst case scenario. Once a shockable dysrhythmia has been recognised, it is necessary to intervene with an external source of electrical activity to correct the hearts rhythm. Defibrillation is the standard and most effective treatment for cardiac dysrhythmias, such as VT and VF (Reference). Defibrillation is the process of using a device called a defibrillator to deliver a therapeutic measure or ‘shock’ of electrical current through the heart. The current delivered, aims to depolarise a critical mass (Critical mass theory**) of the heart muscle (myocardium), interrupting the dysrhythmia and allowing the heart’s natural pacemaker, the SA node, to return to a normal sinus rhythm. Defibrillators are becoming widely available in the form of transvenous, implanted (implantable cardioverter-defibrillator), or external (automated external defibrillators) devices. Despite the different forms a defibrillation device may present in, they all operate on the same principle. There are two different methods of delivering an electrical shock from a defibrillation device; monophasic and biphasic waveforms. Monophasic is the ‘old’ method in which the electrical current travelled in one direction through a patient’s chest. The second method is using a biphasic waveform, meaning the current is delivered to the heart in two vectors (two directions). Due to the use of two vectors, the peak electrical current needed to revert a dysrhythmia is decreased to 200 joules, as opposed to 360 joules of a monophasic waveform. Due to the high voltage (360 joules) used in monophasic waveform it can cause superficial burns to the patients skin. Additionally, _____ found the use of a biphasic waveform to be more effective at returning the heart to a sinus rhythm and resulted in less damage to myocardium, leading to better patient outcomes (Reference) . ____ notes that for the aforementioned reasons, monophasic waveform defibrillation is quickly being replaced with biphasic (Reference). Page 1 of 5

The Strange Case of Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde :: Free Essay Writer

The Strange Case of Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde Robert Louis Stevenson in â€Å"The Strange Case of Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde† is telling us that we fear the knowledge of our duality so we keep silent. We are afraid of the truth, about ourselves, so we stay quiet. Everyone has a part of himself or herself that they don’t reveal to anyone. We are afraid to show it but when it comes out we’d rather not talk about it. The author shows knowledge as a very important thing. â€Å"Now I shall know you again,† said Mr. Utterson. â€Å"It may be useful.† This quote is said when Mr. Utterson meets Mr. Hyde for the first time. Another quote that proves this is â€Å"I wish to see or hear no more of Dr. Jekyll.† Lanyon said this after he had seen Mr. Hyde turn into Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Utterson was asking him questions about Dr. Jekyll. â€Å" Lanyon, you remember your vows: what follows is under the seal of our profession...† Lanyon is about to find out about Dr. Jekyll’s secret. Another pattern that the author shows as being important is fear. Mr. Utterson and Mr. Enfield were walking together and seen Dr. Jekyll in his house. They were talking to him when all of a sudden he started to change into Mr. Hyde. When they saw this they looked at each other, both were pale and had an answering horror in their eyes. â€Å" I am afraid, I think there has been foul play.† Poole says this when he goes and talks to Mr. Utterson about Dr. Jekyll. Also when Mr. Utterson and Poole want to talk to Dr. Jekyll and ask for him but find out that Mr. Hyde is inside they swing an axe at his door. They hear a â€Å" dismal screech, as of mere animal terror.† Another way fear is shown is when Lanyon saw Mr. Hyde turn into Dr. Jekyll. â€Å"O God and O God again and again.† Lanyon said this after what he saw. Another major pattern is duality. You can see duality through out the whole book. One example is Mr. Utterson and Mr. Enfield. Mr. Utterson is very popular around town. He is also involved with the town. On the other hand Mr. Enfield was always quiet and didn’t do anything around the town. But they were always together. Another example is Dr.

Formal Speech Analysis :: essays research papers

Formal Speech Analysis In the past, I have participated in a lot of classes and training dealing with many different topics, but unfortunately, public speaking and/or communications was not one of them. In fact, the last class that I took even relatively close to this one was while I was in the military. In some sense, I guess that this class could be thought of as a good experience, because now I can learn at a college level and be more at ease with getting up in front of a group of people and giving a presentation.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  My goals for this class are fairly numerous, but all are based on all around knowledge and improvement of public speaking in a general sense. I want to be able to get up in front of a group of people and deliver a message in a way that makes people want to listen. I am planning a career in the field of psychology, and as much as I may not like it, I think public speaking will definitely show its face many times. My specific goals for the course include improving on my stance, speaking more clearly, and improving on my fear of speaking in front of a large group. After reviewing my videotaped speech and also in previous presentations, I have noticed that, among other things, I am constantly fidgeting and doing something with my hands like playing with my note cards or something. Also, I am clearly not comfortable with standing up there. Although it is not overly visible on the tape, I can tell that I look very nervous, and I tend to stutter a little and lose my place and focus in the middle of the speeches frequently. I really do not understand why speaking in front of the class bothers me so much. If I were to give the speech from my desk, even though everyone would still be looking at me, I think that I could do a much better job and would be more relaxed as well.

Exploring Reincarnation :: Religion Culture Cultural

Exploring Reincarnation Missing Works Cited For as long as man has been on this earth, one of the most popular questions without a finite answer has been, what happens after we die? Each culture, religion, organization, family, and any other group of people has had their own views about this subject for as far back as history goes, and probably even farther. One particular answer to this question is reincarnation. The simple version of reincarnation is re-birth. When one dies, they lose their physical being, but their soul lives on and is re-born into another body. According to the Buddhists, â€Å"Central to the belief in rebirth is the idea of an individual stream-consciousness. As an unceasing flux of primal spiritual energy, it acts as a concurrent link with the new body conceived in the mother’s womb. The nature of rebirth is closely linked with, or is the effect of, past thoughts and deeds. Rebirth is thus an essential part of the natural law of causality.† (pg. 74, child incarnate) The western wo rld has traditionally been quick to dismiss the idea of reincarnation as nay say. They don’t believe it is possible for someone to be reborn into a new body, most of the time due to religion, mainly Christianity and Judaism, both of which have rejected reincarnation as a valid theory. The Eastern half of the world however, has consistently accepted reincarnation. Four hundred million Buddhists, Hindus, Jains, and Sikhs believe in reincarnation according to statistics. (Christie-Murray, 50) Although the western world has had increasing numbers of people believing in reincarnation, it is still widely disregarded. In the west, we live in a very materialistic age, and for that reason, very little consideration is given to anything besides the present. Reincarnation should not be disregarded so easily however, because there are a lot of logical reason it can be, and probably is, true. There is overwhelming evidence of reincarnation beliefs in every period of time, so it is not some notion that was recently just made up for comfort or stability. There are many stories of people who can remember vivid details of their former lives, and even biological evidence such as birthmarks that are a result of an injury in a prior life. Reincarnation can also be a good explanation for child geniuses like Mozart, and even the current Dali Llama.

Thousand Splendid Suns Comparison

It seems that War has found a home in Afghanistan. The people of Afghanistan have seen three decades of Anti-Soviet Jihad, civil war and Taliban tyranny. They have lived through unimaginable horrors and now, their incredible stories of hope and oppression are being told. In A Thousand Splendid Suns by Khaled Hosseini and The Swallows of Kabul by Yasmina Khadra, the women are oppressed by their husbands and society. Mariam is passive and compliant while Zunaira is defiant and angry, yet both suffer the same pain and isolation. Initially, their suffering increases because their anger at being oppressed and tortured is deflected towards the wrong people, people who actually care for them. Through their difficult journeys, their eyes are opened up to the power and beauty of a loving relationship. The loss or gain of such a relationship is the defining factor of whether or not each character finds peace and self-worth. The women in both novels transition from a state of being hopeful to complete desolation due to the oppression in their lives. Initially, Mariam from A Thousand Splendid Suns expresses much hope about attaining a bright future. She wants to pursue an education as she says, â€Å"I mean a real school†¦like in a classroom, like my father's other kids† (Hosseini, 17). Mariam firmly believes that she can shed her shameful status of a bastard's child, and as she gets older, she takes strides to make this vision into a reality. Moreover, Mariam is constantly inundated with her mother's pessimistic ideals about life, but she believes that â€Å"You're [Mother] are afraid that I might find the happiness you never had. And you don't want me to be happy. You don't want a good life for me† (Hosseini, 28). As a result, at first, Mariam is a strong figure with a lively spirit who is able to combat much negativity in her life and continue to dream and hope of a better future. Perhaps, her naivety fosters these hopes and dreams as well. Later, Mariam's husband, Rasheed successfully crushes her strong spirit. During one of his fierce outbursts, â€Å"he shoved two fingers into her mouth and pried it open, then forced the cold pebbles into it†¦but he kept pushing the pebbles in, his upper lip curled into a sneer† (Hosseini, 104). Mariam is tortured psychologically, physically and her lively spirit is broken. She completely isolates herself from the outside world, and quietly suffers inside her house as â€Å"†¦Mariam was afraid† (Hosseini, 98). She is passive and compliant in the abusive relationship because she abandons all hope, and tries 1 to endure everything that falls upon her. Oppression crushes Mariam's inner strength and she becomes a walking dead person, confined to her own home. Furthermore, Zunaira from The Swallows of Kabul undergoes a similar transition from a state of hopefulness to desolation. At the beginning, Zunaira is a hopeful person. Her husband, Mohsen, says, â€Å"Her zeal was unmatched, save by the praises heaped upon her. She was a brilliant girl and her beauty lifted every heart† (Khadra, 73). She is extremely passionate about empowering the women in Afghanistan, that she even pursues a career as a magistrate to set an example to rest of her countrymen. Zunaira embodies hope, and positive change in a country devastated by war. Like Mariam, Zunaira's hopeful spirit sets her up on a high pedestal to fall from. Then, Zunaira is oppressed by the Taliban. She is writhing with anger and hatred when she says, â€Å"†¦the most detestable fact of [my] existence, to the constraint with anger and hatred that even in [my] dreams [I] refuse to accept: the forfeiture of [my] rights† (Khadra, 99). Anger and hatred threatens to rip Zunaira apart because she feels that the Taliban have stripped her off her dignity and humiliated her beyond endurance. Pride is important to Zunaira. Thus, she struggles to control her anger in public when she views the bitter state of her country, how the Taliban have destroyed her pride, hopes and dreams. Unlike Mariam, Zunaira is defiant and angry. Zunaira actually attains her goal of becoming a magistrate, and thus, she experiences a greater sensation of loss. Mariam and Zunaira combat the oppression in different ways but they suffer the same pain and isolation. Oppression induces a negative change in both characters. In addition, the women have coping mechanisms to deal with the sorrow in their lives. Their ability to cope is affected by family members. Mariam remembers her mother's story, â€Å"where each snowflake was a sigh heaved by an aggrieved woman somewhere in the World. That all the sighs drifted up in the sky, gathered in the clouds, and then broke into tiny pieces†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (Hosseini, 91). Mariam is submissive in her abusive relationship because her mother has taught her by example, that Afghani women solely have to endure the pain and suffering in their lives. She makes no attempts to change her situation in her marriage because she lives by her mother's teachings. Perhaps, if Mariam were to stand up for herself or stir up chaos during one of Rasheed's beatings, Rasheed would not turn to violence against her so easily. Also, Mariam could have searched for alternatives to escape Rasheed before the Taliban implemented the harsh laws. Over the years, Mariam becomes increasingly helpless and miserable under Rasheed's rule, as she follows the model of her mother's teachings. Also, she deflects her anger and sorrow 2 towards the wrong people, people who actually care for her. Laila, Rasheed's younger wife tries to extend a friendship towards Mariam multiple times, but Mariam pushes Laila away. She screams at Laila, â€Å"†¦I have no use for your company†¦You will leave me be and I will return the favour. That's how we will get on. Those are the rules† (Hosseini, 226). As Mariam pushes Laila farther away, she only becomes a greater target of Rasheed's abuse because Rasheed tends to beat Mariam when he is angry with Laila. During a beating, Rasheed â€Å"held a belt in his hand†¦Ã¢â‚¬  and Mariam becomes absolutely petrified, but Laila tries to stand up for Mariam. United, Mariam and Laila are able to stand up to Rasheed and reduce the frequency and severity of Rasheed's beatings. By rebuffing Laila, Mariam only increases her own pain and suffering. The character's coping mechanisms seem to only destroy any remaining strands of courage and hope within them. Similarly, in The Swallows of Kabul, Zunaira tries to find a way to cope with the oppression in her life. At the beginning, she tries to forget her own pain and suffering to be strong for her husband. Mohsen, her husband, insists on taking a stroll in the streets of Kabul, and Zunaira refuses to go because she does not want to wear the Burqa. To Zunaira, the Burqa epitomizes the mistreatment and oppression of women in Afghanistan. In the end, Zunaira agrees to go with Mohsen when she says, â€Å"Let's go out. I'd rather run a thousand risks than to see you so demoralized† (Khadra, 79). Zunaira sacrifices some of her core values to make Mohsen happy, who is her only support system in this World. Though she does not want to lose Mohsen, her ability to cope with the oppression is hindered when she views firsthand the Taliban's brutality. Similarly, Zunaira's ability to cope with oppression is negatively impacted by the actions of her family members. Both women's hopes are crushed, but, Mariam becomes more compliant while a fire is ignited within Zunaira, which threatens to rip her apart. Also, Zunaira shuns her loved one out of her life. When Zunaira refuses to talk to Mohsen and remove her Burqa after the stroll in Kabul, he recounts, â€Å"her anger is so intense that her veil trembles before her agitated breathing and she says, ‘I don't ever want to see you again, Mohsen Ramat'† (Khadra, 129). At first, Zunaira uses her husband to cope, but later, she targets her fury towards him because she wants him to experience her great feeling of loss. Mohsen is a man, and Zunaira believes that a man will never allow a woman to attain her freedom. Like Mariam, she ends up deteriorating her life further because Mohsen accidentally dies during one of their fights. Thus, Zunaira loses another member of her family to the Taliban. Zunaira is angry, but her actions cause her loved ones to 3 suffer too, unlike Mariam who bottles up her fury and grieves alone. In the end, Mariam and Zunaira's coping mechanisms only accelerate their feelings of pain and isolation. Finally, the women in both novels undergo a period of self-realization by losing or gaining a loving relationship. Mariam is able to acquire a new found sense of inner strength. Laila and Mariam forge a special sisterly bond that Mariam can turn to for support and strength. Mariam says, â€Å"But, perhaps there were kinder years waiting still. A new life, a life which she would find the blessings that Nana had said a harami like her would never see† (Hosseini, 256). Her sisterly bond induces a positive change in Mariam as she starts to hope again. Mariam's spirit is rejuvenated, and she finds a newly acquired strength to defeat her oppressor, Rasheed. She frees herself off her primary oppressor for she finds the courage to kill Rasheed. She finds a state of inner peace at last. Also, Mariam finds a new purpose in life. Before Mariam is to be executed, she thinks, â€Å"A Weed. And yet she was leaving the World as a woman who had loved and been loved back†¦a person of consequence at last. No. It was not so bad†¦that she should die this way† (Hosseini, 370). Mariam is resented by her mother, father and husband, but her relationship with Laila and Aziza, Laila's daughter, redefine her outlook on life. Their love fills a hollow spot within Mariam, and it lessens the pain of living under oppression for decades. As Mariam has loved, she is finally able to shed her status of a arami and gain a new sense of selfworth. She sees the beauty in a loving relationship, and she finally does find peace and selfworth in her life. In The Swallows of Kabul, Zunaira makes an important self-discovery as well. By severing her ties to Mohsen, she attains a form of inner strength. When the Jailer, Atiq, tries to convince her to run away from the jail, she says, â €Å"I can't wait to get out of here, but not in the way you propose† (Khadra, 164). She accepts her fate and is prepared to die. With Mohsen's accidental death, Zunaira severs all ties to the physical world. She rids herself of all duties and obligations and deserts all of her hopes and dreams. She feels like a free spirit, symbolized by the removal of her Burqa. Her lightness renews her inner strength and now, she feels she can overcome any obstacle in her path, even dying. Though Zunaira attains a sense of inner peace by severing ties to loved ones, Mariam achieves this by finding the beauty in a loving relationship. Like Mariam, Zunaira is willing to die because their newly gained inner strength gives them the power to vanquish all obstacles in their path. Also, her loss of a loving relationship changes her perspective on life. She says to the Jailer, â€Å"We've already been killed, all of us, it happened so 4 long ago, we've forgotten it† (Khadra, 164). Zunaira realizes that she has lost everything to the Taliban, her family, her dignity, her hopes and dreams. When she sees that she has nothing worth living for anymore, she feels there is nothing more she can lose in this World, and thus, she thinks about life differently. The author does not elaborate about Zunaira's life after she is freed from the jail, but probably she dies in the near future because she does not have a home to return to. Similarly, Mariam and Zunaira are able to see the power and beauty of a loving relationship. Zunaira leaves behind her pride, and need to feel empowered while Mariam actually gains a new sense of self-worth. For Zunaira, leaving behind all the things attached to her relationship with Mohsen gives her peace. So, each character takes different routes to find peace and self-worth. A Thousand Splendid Suns by Khaled Hosseini and The Swallows of Kabul by Yasmina Khadra are both set in war-torn Afghanistan. The women are oppressed by their husbands and society. Then, the coping mechanisms they utilize only increase their pain and suffering. Finally, Mariam and Zunaira make an important self-discovery where they either gain or lose the power and beauty of a loving relationship to find peace and self-worth. Overall, Mariam and Zunaira seem to reverse their roles from the beginning to the end. Mariam is passive at first, but she becomes quite aggressive at the end. While, Zunaira follows the opposite path to achieve inner peace. Millions of women are oppressed around the World, and it seems that love is the critical factor to breaking the cycle of oppression.

Commercial Partnership Essay

The followership en nom collectif, the federation en commandite and the comp both argon the three liberals of commercializedisedisedized fusions which whitethorn be established nether the Companies flake. Explain the main features of each. Why do you think the phoner is the most astray workd vehicle to do parentage with?Introduction commercialised confederacys in Malta are regulated by The Maltese Companies crop which came into effect on the 1st January 1995 in hostelry to regulate limit indebtedness companies and other commercial confederations. In situation, when integrity wants to rate up a commercial league in Malta the stage provides a egress of thinkable heavy structures. The deport stipulates that, A commercial confederation whitethorn be of the following kinds a retainership en nom collectif a confederation en commandite and a connection ( modified indebtedness beau monde).The part for which the commercial compact may be form is regula ted by the proceeding which provides that a coalition en nom collectif and a attendantship en commandite may be formed for the exercise of mavin or more(prenominal) acts of traffic. Under the Commercial Partnerships Ordinance, this prep applied as well as to a exceptional financial obligation ships social club however under the provisions of the Act in ride today, a telephoner may be formed for whatever lawful innovation and sh tot everyy have the status of a ordinary union or a confidential society. This content that a federation may non necessarily be range up for the inclinations of trading. Any lawful purpose is sufficient in order to set up a express indebtedness conjunction.The Partnership En Nom CollectifArticle 7 of the Companies Act defines the cooperatorship en nom collectif as star(a) which may be formed by deuce or more partners and bunks under a fusion summon and has its obligations guaranteed by the unfathomable and crossroads and some(prenominal)(prenominal)(prenominal) financial obligation of all the partners. The formation of a union en nom collectif requires that both partner gives his contri andion in cash or in kind or in succeeding(a) psycheal services. The totality of the contributions frames the pilot program cracking of the union en nom collectif. In a partnership en nom collectif all the partners are un particularly liable.The above commentary highlights the constitutional elements of a partnership en nom collectif. It may be formed by two or more partners it essentialiness operate under a partnership stool and the partners are un boundly, joint and one by one liable for all the obligations of the partnership. The partnership- produce is the mention under which the stage air is carried on and the obligations are recorded into. It is the piddle by which the partnership and the legal entity created by untold(prenominal) name are enjoyn to the earthly concern and it represen ts the external manifestation of the juridical annotation between the legal temperament of the partnership and the members compose it.The un hold in indebtedness of the partners for the obligations of the partnership is an necessity characteristic of the partnership en nom collectif which distinguishes it from the other forms of commercial partnerships. In a partnership en nom collectif, each and every partner is liable for all the debts and obligations of the partnership with all his property present and future and not altogether up to the add contributed by him to the partnership. Due to the un circumscribed liability of each and every partner, creditors of the partnership may enforce their claims against any of the partners and this til now where much(prenominal) claims exceed the quantity contributed or promised as contribution by the state partner.The joint and several liability of the partners for the obligations of the partnership performer that the partner against whom an exploit is brought for the recovery of a sum due by the partnership may not plead the profit of discussion of any of the other partners. However, one of the provisos to Article 7 states that, no action shall lie against the individual partners unless the property of the partnership has first been discussed. therefrom a creditor feel for a recompense has to first go to the property of the partnership itself as an entity originally its individual partners. Only in the absence seizure of sufficient partnership assets quarter the creditor go to the individual partners.A partnership is de jure valid when partners interpose into an agreement called the operation of partnership. The deed of partnership has to be entered into, gestural and sent to the registrar and thus punctually registered by the Registrar of Companies. The next gradation would be the issued of a certificate of modification and this can be described as the act of birth of the partnership because it i s at this point that the latter comes into world. Article 14 of the Companies Act shall state (a) the name and lobby of each of the partners (b) the partnership-name (c) the registered office in Malta of the partnership (d) the objects of the partnership, that is to say, whether the objects are trade in world-wide or a particular stage of trade, and in the latter case, the nature of the trade (e) the contribution of each of the partners, specify the take account of the evaluateive contribution of every partner (f) the period if any obstinate for the length of the partnership.The Partnership En CommanditeIn a partnership en commandite there must be at least one universal partner and one express partner. The general partner has to guarantee all the obligations of the partnership un controlly whereas the contain partner enjoys limited liability up till the payment of his allocate. Article 51 of the Act defines a partnership en commandite as one which operates under a part nership name and has its obligations guaranteed by the unlimited and joint and several liability of one or more partners, called general partners, and by the liability, limited to the amount, if any unpaid on the contribution, of one or more partners, called limited partners. From the definition, it is clear that this partnership shares a number of similar characteristics with the partnership en nom collectif.What has been said with regard to the partnership name when dish uping with the partnership en nom collectif applies also to the characteristics of the partnership en commandite. In addition Article 53 of the Act states that a person who holds himself out as organism a general partner shall be held liable unlimitedly and jointly and severally with the general partners for all the obligations contracted by the partnership. Therefore, if a partner makes believe that he is a general partner, then he provide be treated as such(prenominal). Furthermore, Article 53(2) of the Act pr ovides that the inclusion in the partnership name of the name of a person who is not a partner shall be taken into account by the Court in determining whether such person is holding himself out as universe a partner. Therefore the partnership name can solo allow in the name of the general partner, otherwise if a limited person added his name, he would be deemed to be holding himself out as being a general partner. These uniform provisions are applicable also to a partnership en nom collectif through and through Article 18 of the Companies Act.The co-existence in the partnership of one or more general and one or more limited partners distinguishes the partnership en commandite from the partnership en nom collectif and from the limited liability family. The liability of the general partners is similar to that of the partners in en nom collectif, that is unlimited and joint and several. The liability of the limited partners is delimit by law as limited to the amount, if any, unpa id on the contribution and in no case are limited partners bound to restore profits acquire in good faith.The telephoner (Limited Liability Company)A limited liability partnership is defined as being one, formed by means of a upper-case letter divided into shares held by its members. The members liability is limited to the amount, if any, unpaid on the shares respectively held by each of them.From the said definition the most important characteristic and benefit of a limited liability confederacy is highlighted, that is, the limited liability of all the members composing the company. The limitation of liability of the members of a company forms the exceptional legal characteristic of this kind of partnership. The limitation of liability is a valued privilege in itself and as longsighted as it is operated legally and within the basis of the Companies Act, the personal assets of directors or share toters are not at risk. However, due to this privilege, there are a number of provisions, aimed at preventing possible abuses.Article 68 of the Act provides that, A company shall not be validly constituted under this Act unless a memorandum of association is entered into and subscribed by at least two persons, and a certificate of registration is issued in respect thereof. The memorandum bequeath allow all the information about the company deemed necessary to lessen opportunities for abuse. When the memorandum or the articles are drawn up in a humans deed or in a common soldier compose enrolled in the records of a notary unrestricted, an received copy thereof shall be delivered in lieu of the original. On receiving the above-named documents, the job of the Registrar is to examine them and, on being satisfied that all the requirements prescribed by law have been compiled with he pass on issue the certificate of registration. These measures and provisions will strengthen the credit and reputation of the company.The preference of company names is restr icted and, providing a chosen name complies with the rules, no-one else can use it. Article 4 of the Companies Act provides that A company shall not be registered by a name which (a) is the uniform as a name of other commercial partnership or so well-nigh similar as in the mental picture of the Registrar it could create confusion Therefore no two limited companies can exist with exactly the same name.It is essential for the company to have a share cracking and that the amount of such capital is stated and divided into shares of a fixed amount which according to Article 69(f) of the Act, must be stated in the memorandum. The said article states that, the amount of share capital with which the company proposes to be registered (hereinafter referred to as the authorize capital), the division thereof into shares of a fixed amount. The law also makes it unsurmountable for a company to issue shares with unsettled share capital. This is exactly possible in the case of a SICAV which is an enthronisation company with a variable share capital. Where a mysterious company is an enthronisation company with variable share capital, the name of the company shall be followed by the speech communication investment company with variable share capital or by SICAV, followed by the linguistic communication private limited company, limited or its contraction (ltd).A company can either be a private or public company. The company must have a name under which it can operate and enter into legal relationships with third parties. Article 70 of the Act states that . A public company may be designated by any name but such name must end with the words public limited company or their abbreviation p.l.c. A private company may be designated by any name, but such name shall end with the words private limited company or the words limited or its abbreviation Ltd. The memorandum of association has to state whether it is a public or a private company. The public company may be listed or non-listed on the stock-exchange. It stands to intellectual that this would not be possible for a private company because its shares cannot be made operational to the public at large.The members of a company manifest their wishes at general meetings by voting for or against proposed resolutions and as a rule the will of the majority of the members prevails and is covert on all.An important issue to yell is deciding which form of course partnership to use. In practice, the limited liability company is the most popular commercial partnership. offset printing and foremost, the principal benefit of trading via a limited company has always been the limited liability bestowed upon the companys officers and shareholders. out front the concept of limited liability many an(prenominal) people who had a substantial amount of resources would be reluctant to form a partnership due to the fear of losing everything as a result of the companys losses. With the introduction of limited lia bility that person roll in the hays that he is only liable up to the amount he has invested and therefore only that amount is at risk and not all of his property. Therefore, this low risk of limited liability encourages greater investment.Once a Company builds a good reputation, it even increases the value of its goodwill with the result of being more in demand for investment continuity. Another fact which promotes the use of a limited liability company is that the creditors who deal with companies know that they are dealing with a company whose shareholders liability is limited, namely from the fact that it has (Ltd) at the end of its name. The creditors thus know what they are going in for and know what the repercussions are if they enter into transactions with limited liabilities and therefore if they have doubts, they should not enter any contracts in the first place. equitable like all the rest of the commercial partnerships, the Limited Liability Company is a class person. A shareholder in the company is just a person who has just acquired shares but is a dissever person from the company. The company and the share holder are not one and the same thing and therefore the latter cannot be responsible for the obligations entered into by the company. In the Commercial Partnership Ordinance under parting 4(2) it was spelt out that a commercial partnership has a legal personality distinct from that of its members. Nowadays, even a bingle member company has a separate juridical personality.Another advantage of forming a company is that once a company is formed it continues despite the death, resignation or bankruptcy of management and members. Since the limited liability company is considered a lasting legal entity a company can only be terminated by rambling up, liquidation or other order of the courts or Registrar of Companies.Another reason why it is of an advantage to form a limited liability company is that it is unaffixed to desexualise new shareho lders and investors. A public company which is in need of money or wishes to invest in another business enterprise can be listed in the stock exchange and acquire the needed finance by means of trading by other shareholders or investors, hence the ownership of a company can be divided among several owners in the form of shares of stock. The issue, transfer or sales of shares is regulated by the Companies Act.With a limited liability company, the process of acceptance money from a bank is much easier. On registration with the MFSA the company is a legal person in conformation with the Companies Act and thus the bank will open an account and can secure its loan against certain assets of the business or against the business as a whole. When setting up a company business partners do not pay evaluate on their individual income but on a corporate level on company profits which may constitute benefits and allowance. In addition companies are canonic better beneficiary pension schemes which consequently are offered to the employees of the company.Since the introduction of the limited liability company a total number of 52,000 companies where registered with the Malta Financial Services Authority, piece only around 1,300 partnerships were registered. These statistics prove that it is the best finis one can make to drool out a business in the form of a limited liability company. In conclusion, a legal limited liability company helps you gain from a number of advantage mentioned above while you can limit your personal liability and protect your personal assets.BibliographyStatutory Sources* Chapter 386 of the Laws of Malta, Companies Act (1995)* Commercial Partnerships OrdinanceInternet Sources and websites* Coddan. Advantages And Benefits Of A Limited Company.. for sale http//www.ukincorp.co.uk/s-46-uk-company-formation-benefits.html. closing accessed quaternate May, 2011* European Commission. (02/2010). Legal Requirements. operational http//ec.europa.eu/yo ureurope/business/starting-business/setting-up/malta/index_en.htm. Last accessed 7th May, 2011.* Focus occupancy Services. (1998-2011). Registration Process of a Malta Company. Available http//www.fbsmalta.com/malta-company-law-full-text-and-formation-procedure-2/registration-process-malta-company/. Last accessed 7th May, 2011* QUBE Services Limited. Maltese Bodies Corporate. Available http//www.qubeservices.com/01types.asp. Last accessed 7th May, 2011.* RSM Malta. Services. Available http//www.rsmmalta.com.mt/company-formation.aspx. Last accessed 7th May, 2011.* tutor2u. advantages of a limited liability. Available http//tutor2u.net/business/finance/legal_company_advantages.htm. Last accessed 7th May, 2011.* http//www.commonlii.org/mt/legis/consol_act/cpo307.pdf