Marlow Lie Essay

Victorian  viewpoint,  and  often  paints  them  as being  the  embodiment  of  the  more  pure  and  gentle  aspects  of  human  nature. Conrad  makes many  references  to  a  belief  that  women  live  in  an  ideal  world  which  is  separated  from  the  evil side  of  human  nature  explored  in  the  story,  emphasizing  that  they  must  be  protected  from  this darkness  at  all  costs. This  theme  can  be  justified  by  many  details  within  {em  The  Heart  of Darkness},  but  at  the  same  time  there  are  a  number  of  points  in  the  story  which  stand  in  stark contrast  to  this  portrayal  of  women  as  noble  and  exalted  creatures. One  of  the  first  incident  where  Conrad  discusses  women  in  an  idealized  manner  occurs  in  the very  beginning  of  {em  The  Heart  of  Darkness},  as  Marlow  is  about  to  depart  for  Africa. During his  final  meeting  with  his  aunt,  she  talks  to  him  of  how  noble  she  feels  the  Company’s  attempts to  civilize  the  African  natives  are:  an  opinion  which  makes  her  nephew  rather  uncomfortable. â€Å"It’s  queer,†Ã‚  he  says,  Ã¢â‚¬Å"how  out  of  touch  with  truth  women  are. They  live  in  a  world  of  their  own, and  there  has  never  been  anything  like  it,  and  never  can  be. It  is  too  beautiful  altogether,  and  if they  were  to  set  it  up  it  would  go  to  pieces  before  the  first  sunset. †Ã‚  Marlow  believes  that  women cannot  perceive  the  horrors  that  men  are  capable  of  because  they  are  so  distant  from  them  by virtue  of  their  sex. Another  graphic  example  of  this  attitude  comes  when  Marlow  makes  a reference  to  Kurtz’s  fiancee,  known  as  his  Intended. He  says  of  her:  Ã¢â‚¬Å"Oh,  she  is  out  of it ­Ã‚ ­Ã‚ ­completely. They ­Ã‚ ­Ã‚ ­the  women,  I  mean ­Ã‚ ­Ã‚ ­are  out  of  it ­Ã‚ ­Ã‚ ­should  be  out  of  it. We  must  help  them

The burden of Hitlers legacy

The burden of Hitlers legacy Alfons Heck was born around 1927 in Rhineland near the Morsel River Region. He was brought up by his grandmother and a number of uncles and aunts. His parents and twin brother occasionally paid him visits in the farm where he lived. Hitler ascended to power when Alfons Heck was just six years old; that was in the year 1933. His teacher at that time was a full blown follower of the Nazi (Heck 2).Advertising We will write a custom book review sample on The burden of Hitler’s legacy specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Even at his young age, Alfons somewhat had a sense of admiration for his teacher and the ideals he stood for. Hitler’s regime had successfully turned him into a fanatic who was willing to lay down his life for a cause he believed was both just and achievable. For the following five or so years, Alfons attended school normally like other children and served as an altar boy in his local church. Germany had remained in turmoil in the years following World War 1 and this offered an ideal setting for the emergence of firebrand political leadership who would establish and enforce extremist ideologies (Heck 6). At this time in Germany’s history, citizens were under immense pressure to make payments to the victors of war and the country was grappling with a serious economic crisis. This was when Adolf Hitler came to be known since he offered easy explanations to the problems that the people were facing and he went ahead to offer quick fix solutions. In his opinion, the Jews were to be blamed for Germany’s downfall in World War 1 and the subsequent peace treaty that was a source of embarrassment to the nation. The Nazis cunningly capitalized on the political and economic distrust of the middle class and made up lies about the Jews (Heck 11).The party enjoyed a significant rise in popularity and this saw Hitler ascend to the post of Chancellor in the year 1933. Some people thought he co uld have been instrumental in dealing with communists proponents. Hitler began forming structures of the Nazi State that were based on authoritarian principles and racism. Individuals’ rights and freedoms were revoked while rights entrenched in the Weimar Constitution were renounced. Jews suffered persecution and discrimination, and in the year 1933, they were expelled from the civil service. This year also saw the abolishing of all trade unions. All elements of government were ‘harmonized’ to completely fit into Nazi control while all other political parties were outlawed. Germans were made to believe that their destiny was to grow and enlarge a superior population that would rule the Soviet Union. A policy was put in place to encourage the bearing of racially pure Aryan children (Heck 12). Other groups of people like Gypsies and the Jews were classified as racially inferior and were set to be eliminated.Advertising Looking for book review on history? Le t's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More In that year, Nazi groups started the indiscriminate killing, molesting and maiming of Jews. Their businesses were forcefully shut while others were destroyed. Those that remained open were boycotted by the larger German population. More racist decrees and laws were formulated and enforced. The Jews were accused by the Nazis of being responsible for socialism, communism and revolutions and their positions both economically and politically placed them strategically for involvement in conspiracy theories. Thousands of Jews were confined in concentration camps while their property and synagogues were torched (Heck 13). In schools, the Nazi regime ensured that messages against Jews were relayed to children as little as four years old. This was a deliberate step by the Nazi to ensure that from a tender age, the children would be programmed to believe that Jews and other minority groups were a threat to them and that they were criminal and inferior to them(Heck 15). The teachers were instructed to ensure that their pupils forever remained to be enemies of minority groups. This indoctrination went a long way in molding the thinking and actions of Alfons Heck plus a huge number of boys who were later recruited into Nazi groups. A majority of the teachers were also ardent believers in the cause of the Nazi regime and worked to ensure they influenced their students to identify with the Nazi ideology. The author was just a young boy at the time the war commenced, but by the time it came to an end, he was an officer who was highly ranked in the group known as the Hitler Youth. The recruitment of Alfons and very many people into this group was done through carefully executed brainwashing of citizens by the flash and power of Adolf Hitler and his numerous promises for a new world order in Germany(Heck 28). He was an eager participant in a number of youth rallies that took place all over Germany and was chosen to be the leader of a large group of young boys who had been recruited to join in fighting the war. As the forces in the war began facing depletion, Hitler started depending more and more on this group (the Hitler youth). At the tender age of fifteen, Alfons had risen to become a high ranking glider pilot. When he was sixteen years old, he had already become a Bannfuhrer which is an equivalent to the present day’s rank of a Major General in the United States Army and was put in charge of more than sixty thousand troops.Advertising We will write a custom book review sample on The burden of Hitler’s legacy specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More He stayed in Luftawaffe for some time when a loss of the war started becoming imminent. After his short stint in Luftawaffe, he was transferred back to the war front; specifically to a wall that was along the western border post of Germany (Heck 32).It was there h e got to personally meet and talk to Adolf Hitler. Hitler conveyed a sense of interest in Alfons and honored him with the Iron Cross for his exemplary service. When the war ended, the Allied Troops arrived to his town and since he could not communicate in fluent English and the soldiers were not conversant with German, they used him to capture all the Nazis who had now gone into hiding. When his identity was discovered, he was thrown in jail together with others. By the time the war drew to a close, the author had lost almost all his friends and the town where he was born had been reduced to mere rubble (Heck 48). While in jail, there were times when he thought that he would be executed. This was because during the war, the death of one German was avenged by killing thirty French soldiers. He was among those who sought the French soldiers that were used for the revenge missions. After spending some time in confinement, quite a number of inmates still defended the cause of the Nazis and saw nothing wrong with what they had done. Until Alfons saw the ruins that had become of Germany, he had not begun to question their fanaticism of the Nazi. During his trial, it was revealed that by December 1939, it had become compulsory for every German child above the age of ten years to join one of the two factions of the Hitler Youth group. He used this as one of his lines of defense. However, this did not aid in clearing his name at the tribunal since it was argued that with the passing of time, he had become an adult and was fully accountable for his words and actions. Amnesty did not also help acquit him because at the time he stood before the tribunal, he was already an adult. Up to this time, some of his fellow inmates still did not understand why they were being imprisoned while all they had done is serve their country and obey the orders they had received from their superiors. In prison, life was harsh due to the hard labor the inmates were subjected to and starvatio n (Heck 70). They were once given a task to dig up mass graves of French prisoners who had succumbed to injuries they got in a fighter bomber assault. After seven months in jail, he was permitted to return to school and go home during the nights. It was after going back to school and seeing his wrecked home that Alfons truly began to brood about his life under Hitler’s reign. The promises that had been made had turned to a nightmare. This period in time was marked by a serious economic crisis with large numbers of German women turning to prostitution as a means to earn money while most men were in captivity. People had given up their dignity in search for food and basic items; this was a great contradiction to what had been expected to be the ‘new Germany’.Advertising Looking for book review on history? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More When the author saw the destruction and suffering of the Germans, it dawned on him that he had done his utmost best fighting for the wrong cause (Heck 82). It is worth noting that even though a majority of teachers and civil servants had been quick to embrace the new ideology, there was still a number that resisted the pressure, clung on to their principles and refused to be members of the Nazi. The Allied troops sometimes acted unjustly as in the case where Alfons’ twin brother came to visit him and his grandmother and was seized by the troops, locked up, sodomized, then released. Within the confines of the school, a new crop of Germans was emerging; one that was fed up with threats from the French. They threw out books that were written in French without fear of the consequences had they been caught. An intervention by the principal helped quiet the boys and got them to cooperate with the teachers including those who had originated from France. Seven months after Alfons had faced the tribunal, he sought permission from the liaison officer for matters concerning education from the French Military Government to visit Nuremburg. The trial was coming to an end and he wanted to catch a glimpse of the proceedings. He was granted a two week pass and allowed to travel (Heck 102). Nuremberg was a significant place because it had witnessed many domestic triumphs by Hitler and the Nazi. It was a place that synonymous with the Nazi regime however, to many German Jews and minority groups it was a place of terror and fear. It was from there that the Nazi regime made public the Racial Laws in the year 1935 that automatically revoked the citizenship of Jews. Due to brainwashing, most Germans had applauded that move and thought it would work towards enhancing the country. The mainstream churches did not do much to oppose this violation of civil rights probably due to fear of reproach from a regime that had dealt ruthlessly with opposition. At the beginning of the twen ty one trials, most Germans viewed the proceedings with complete indifference. They interpreted the trials as their victor’s way of exerting revenge upon them. There was no sign that the nation was prepared to come to terms with the real events or dealing with their feelings of guilt. Alfons was able to listen to the trials via some loud speakers that had been placed outside the trial chambers and heard the entire evidence of the charges that were leveled against the Nazi leadership. There were confessions by a number of the leaders including the man who was in charge of training the young boys who were members of Hitler Youth. He was found guilty of crimes against humanity and sentenced to a jail term of not less than twenty years. This was a major turning point for Alfons Heck who now fully realized that the men he had adored and served under had betrayed him and other Germans (Heck 108). That was the moment he discovered the scale of murder, child abuse and the countless a trocities that had been unleashed on innocent people. That was when he started to dissociate himself with the Nazi ideology he had once revered. He began his long journey of ‘rehabilitation’ that took many years. Like Alfons, so many young Germans had been duped into believing that they were doing their country great service by joining these groups. The way in which the Nuremberg trials were carried out elicited criticism since some argued that it imposed ex post- facto kind of justice which means; that the rules were created after the crimes were committed. Some said that it served as a catharsis for those who ‘won’ the war and needed to put people on trial to quench their hatred. Despite the limitations of the process, the trials achieved some significant objectives which included; preventing a blood bath which would have been witnessed had the Nazis been tried in courts that would have afforded them very able defenses (Heck 262). The accused parties were given more justice than they would have given if the tables were to be turned. The concept of individual accountability and personal responsibility was introduced and it helped dispel the notion that orders from superiors were to be followed at all costs (Heck 270). After the trials, waging aggressive war was criminalized and a declaration of human rights was drafted and adopted. Despite a number of confusing sentences and acquittals, it could be concluded that justice was served. The messages that had been relayed through the media about certain groups of people being inferior to others had been rubbished. In comparison to the heavier sentences of those tried by the tribunal in Nuremberg, Alfons’ sentence looked like a slap on the wrist even though a chunk of his youth had been used negatively. Heck, Alfons. The burden of Hitlers legacy.New York: American Travellers Press, 1988.print.

Quotes from Philippine President Corazon Aquino

Quotes from Philippine President Corazon Aquino Corazon Aquino was the first woman to run for President in the Philippines. Corazon Aquino was attending law school when she met her future husband, Benigno Aquino, who was assassinated in 1983 when he returned to the Philippines to renew his opposition to President Ferdinand Marcos. Corazon Aquino ran for President against Marcos, and she won the seat despite Marcos attempt to portray himself the winner. Selected Corazon Aquino Quotations Politics must not remain a bastion of male dominance, for there is much that women can bring into politics that would make our world a kinder, gentler place for humanity to thrive in. It is true you cannot eat freedom and you cannot power machinery with democracy. But then neither can political prisoners turn on the light in the cells of a dictatorship. Reconciliation should be accompanied by justice, otherwise it will not last. While we all hope for peace it shouldnt be peace at any cost but peace based on principle, on justice. As I came to power peacefully, so shall I keep it. Freedom of expression - in particular, freedom of the press - guarantees popular participation in the decisions and actions of government, and popular participation is the essence of our democracy. One must be frank to be relevant. It has often been said that Marcos was the first male chauvinist to underestimate me. National leaders who find themselves wilting under the withering criticisms by members of the media, would do well not to take such criticism personally but to regard the media as their allies in keeping the government clean and honest, its services efficient and timely, and its commitment to democracy strong and unwavering. The medias power is frail. Without the peoples support, it can be shut off with the ease of turning a light switch. I would rather die a meaningful death than to live a meaningless life. Prime Ministers and Presidents About These Quotes Quote collection assembled by Jone Johnson Lewis. Each quotation page in this collection and the entire collection  © Jone Johnson Lewis. This is an informal collection assembled over many years. I regret that I am not be able to provide the original source if it is not listed with the quote.

How Laws Have Impacted Commercial Lending Essay

How Laws Have Impacted Commercial Lending - Essay Example In relation to this paper, the introduction of The Community Reinvestment Act (CRA-REG BB) and Regulation B (Equal Credit Opportunity Act) altered commercial activities landscape for lending institutions. Brown (3) indicates that Acts have had impacts on business and commercial related activities for the past thirty years since they were established. Part 1 CRA was an Act put to place to ensure equity in access to financial services regardless of individual’s background. This Act lays outs steps necessary when settling commercial lending legal issues. EOA was established to provide guidelines and enforce civil liability on lending institutions that offered services in segregation. This law has ensured accessibility of financial services to all legible citizens (Brown 42). Over the 30 years the introductions of commercial lending laws have altered the business environment. This paper evaluates the impacts of CRA and ECOA on commercial lending institutions and society. CRA and E COA acts have achieved more positive benefits as opposed to the challenges they have brought. Before these Acts were in place lending institutions targeted the high income market for their services, preferably big business and white collar companies. This shift was realized when policies forced them to provide their services in line with societal demands for their financial rights (Brown 11). CRA and ECOA have also impacted on businesses negatively by reducing their owner’s authority in dealing with fiscal policy matters. There have been conflicts involving the government and lending institution on what is considered ethical when conducting businesses. Imperfect information is obtained by lending institutions from borrowers due to restrictions interfering with record keeping by financial institutions. There was a backlog of legal issues concerning lending institutions and the new clients of commercial banks. According to Brown (10), laws facilitate effective running of busine ss whereby client’s interests are safeguarded when seeking commercial services. These Acts provide clear channels for use when sorting financial disputes.CRA made financial institutions put measures in place that correspond with community’s interests. Institutions have delved on markets initially neglected thus increasing their customer base resulting in healthy business competition. The Acts have led to societal well being by catering for its clients needs. Commercial institutions that tapped on new markets such as the marginalized communities realized growth in their profit margin. Good ethical practices by commercial banks adhering to CRA and ECOA acts have promoted fairness and equity to the world of business. Financial institutions have altered their mode of obtaining information from people of different social backgrounds. Unfortunately prejudices have led to collapse of businesses where clients boycott discriminatory organizations. In the current years commercia l banks are being forced to respect the rights of minorities when transacting businesses with them. Banks have expanded the operations venturing into neglected territories when capturing the untapped markets. Part 2 The five essential elements of credit include character, capital, collateral, cash-flow and capacity (Larson & Harms 38). As a commercial lender I will minimize the risks involved safeguarding my business. Banks should seek expertise from other professionals like

HISTORY ON FILM Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

HISTORY ON FILM - Essay Example Also implied is the fact that there would be inaccuracies. The first time I viewed Amadeus, and that was eons ago, I was absolutely bedazzled, awed and completely swept off my feet by the gripping story, the cinematography, the elaborate costumes, the art direction, the makeup, the magnificent acting of the two leads F. Murray Abraham as Antonio Salieri and Tom Hulce as Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart, and of course the impeccable direction of Milos Forman. But what makes it memorable through the years is the revival of the music of one of the greatest composers the world has ever known and the restaging of his operas. Here, we are treated to a glimpse to some of Mozart’s everlasting operas e.g. The Abduction From The Seraglio, The Marriage of Figaro, Don Giovanni and The Magic Flute. This movie gives free lessons on opera and music appreciation. We have to give kudos to Milos Forman, the director and the scriptwriter, Peter Shaffer for faithfully recreating and transporting all of us viewers to 18th century Vienna and Salzburg. This was spe cifically 1769, the time that Mozart displayed to all and sundry glimpses of his immense talent before the arrogant Archbishop of Salzburg and his court to the year 1791, the year of Mozart’s demise and Salieri’s confinement in a mental institution. Both Forman and Shaffer ensured that we, viewers, become a part of the excessive bacchanalian revelries of the aristocrats and people who matter in Austria; the pompous celebration of art, music and culture; that we view the ornate, majestic edifices of the 18th century Austria ruled by the Hapsburg royalty, which at this juncture in time was governed by the highly cultured Emperor Joseph II, the son of Empress Maria Theresa and Francis I and the brother of the ill-fated Marie Antoinette of France. We have to note that this is the heyday of the renaissance and thus, there is rebirth of classical art, literature, learning and architecture in Austria. Swept out

Global strategy Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Global strategy - Essay Example Statistics also show that approximately 47% of the company’s sales were coming from the outside markets beyond the US home business. The company had also diversified its business interests, and it sold nearly everything including, but not limited to books, digital music and jewellery. Despite its acclaimed success and impeccable international reputation, Amazon has undergone through a number of challenges, which have been weathered successfully and efficiently. Some of the challenges that have bedevilled the company over the years include the failing shareholder attitudes and the current global financial crisis. The firm has continuously taken strategic decisions and actions geared towards sustainability and financial prosperity; this has seen it grow with an edge above its rivals in the electronic trade industry. This paper will dwell on, among other things: the dominant strategy-shaping economic and competitive characteristics of Amazon, qualitative assessment of amazon.com by use of Porter’s five Forces model, critical success factors of amazon.com, and the SWOT analysis of amazon.com. What are the dominant strategy shaping economic and competitive characteristics of Amazon? Any business is obliged to meet its obligations to both the shareholders and consumers respectively, that is, it should be profitable as well as cater for consumer satisfaction needs. In this regard, Amazon, like any other business in the world, has such obligations to meet. Since its inception in the year 1995, the company has experienced tremendous growth that has long surpassed its primary goal of becoming the largest and best bookstore in the world. However, according to Amazon’s CEO Jeff Bezzo, it is up to others to determine if the Amazon has achieved its goal of being the most ‘customer-centric’ company in the world (Stockport 2009, p.574). Amazon aims at providing consumers with their needs, introducing consumers to innovations and store personal ization to cater for diverse consumer tastes and preferences. In order to achieve these goals, Amazon has adopted a number of strategies that act as a roadmap to economic prosperity and sustainability. Firstly, Amazon has adopted a three pillar strategy that comprises of ‘selection’, ‘price’ and ‘convenience’ (Stockport 2009, p.575). The selection pillar entails offering a diversified range of products and services; for instance, this includes retail products, software and cloud computing services. Under the price pillar, Amazon commits to price leadership with due regard for quality of products and services. For instance, the firm provides free transport to customers with expedient delivery. The convenience pillar dwells on ensuring customer satisfaction through the provision of relevant and effective goods and services. Amazon strives to understand customer needs and requirements through customer review and feedback reports on its products an d services. Amazon’s staff recruitment process has also been tailored to promote achievement of the company’s primary goal (becoming the world’s most ‘customer centric’ company). The company does not choose employees on the basis of their skills, but rather on the basis of their need to meet customer needs and expectations. Bezzo argues that in the changing world, skills that are needed today may not be

Audio Transcription Technology

Audio Transcription Technology AUDIO TRANSCRIPTION The aim of this assignment is to outline key areas for Audio Transcription. Audio Transcription, in its simplest form it is the transformation of verbal and audio materials onto a text document.ÂÂ   The typist has the use of Headphones to hear the recording and uses a foot pedal to control the speed and stop/play of the audio and also rewind and fast forward.ÂÂ   The typist has to record the audio as they hear it and follow any instructions given by the speaker. There is a lot of reference material which can be used to ensure accuracy when doing audio transcription. Below is a description of some: Spell Checker:ÂÂ   This is used to check the accuracy of the spelling of an electronic document with the use of a software program that compares words in the document with a list of acceptable spellings.ÂÂ   You can also permanently put a new word into the dictionary if its not already there so spell check wont continuously show it up as incorrect spelling. Thesaurus:ÂÂ   Is a reference work that lists words grouped together according to similarity of meaning (containing synonyms and sometimes antonyms), in contract to a dictionary, which provides definitions for words, and generally lists them in alphabetical order.ÂÂ   The main purpose of such reference works is to help the user to find the word, or words, by which an idea may be most fitly and aptly expressed to quote Peter Mark Roget, architect of the best known thesaurus in the English language. Mims: MIMS or monthly Index of Medical Specialities is an independently edited publication designed as a prescribing guide for the general practitioner.ÂÂ   It is aimed at healthcare professionals, including general practitioners (GPs), pharmacists, nurses and secondary care specialists.ÂÂ   It is considered dangerous practice to refer to old editions.ÂÂ   Concise drug monographs form the core of MIMS; these include key safety information (contraindications, warnings, interactions and adverse effects) and details of the active ingredient, presentations, price, indication, dosage and manufacturer.ÂÂ   Entries are independently compiled by the MIMS editorial team based on the full Summary of Product clinical guidance.ÂÂ   The MIMS website features a predictive search function that allows users to search the drug listings by brand, generic ingredient or drug class.ÂÂ   Online versions of the comparison tables and guideline summaries are supplemented by addi tional web only resources including clinical calculators and patient fact sheets.ÂÂ   Al the content is freely available except the drug listings.ÂÂ   Registrations is free for GPs but other users much subscribe. [ii] [iii] It is very important to ensure accuracy is met at all times when doing Audio Transcription. You are dealing with sensitive information and also you run the risk of e.g. putting the wrong medicine name on a prescription or wrong information on the doctors notes which can have catastrophic results. The main screen of the Olympus Dictation Management System Software which is used for Audio Transcription is shown below: This is the changing of the Layout of the Page/document that is being used through the Page Layout on the Toolbar.ÂÂ   There are many ways to change the Layout and here is a breakdown of a few. Page Layout:To change the Orientation (direction) of the Page/Document, click on the Page Layout icon on the top left hand side of the Toolbar. From there click on Orientation with your mouse Portraitor Landscape will appear then click on the icon that is required and it will change. SPACING:To change the spacing (bigger or smaller) between each line, click into Page Layout on the top right hand corner of the toolbar. The spacing column is in the centre of the Page. The spacing can now be adjusted between each line of the wording. FONT:Changing the Font type and size by manually going into the top right hand side of your toolbar and clicking on the drop down arrow beside the Font style, scroll down the list and click on the chosen one. This can be done for both Font Type and Size.ÂÂ   The shortcut to this is to right click on the mouse and the same toolbar options pop up and the same actions can be completed. BOLD:Changing the font to bold, click on the B on the top right hand corner of the Toolbar by clicking on the B or the shortcut to it is Ctrl and B. Ensure to unclick the letter B on the Toolbar menu or re-click the shortcut Ctrl and B or it will keep writing with Bold. ITALICS:Changing the font to Italics, this can be accessed on the top right hand corner of the toolbar by clicking on the Ior the shortcut to this is Ctrl and the letter I.ÂÂ   Ensure to unclick the letter Ion the toolbar or re-click the shortcut Ctrl and I or it will keep writing in Italics. Shannon Medical Centre Memo To: Melinda McCarthy From: Yvonne Wesley Cc: Alexandra Hughes Date: January 13, 2017 Re: Andrew Williams Personal Please organise the chest x-ray for the above lady at your earliest convenience. You might copy Margaret in on the outcome. The basic business letter format is the same across a range of industries, with few variations for content and style.ÂÂ   The letter should be left-aligned, single-spaced with a one-inch margin and a standard 11-or 12-point type size.ÂÂ   The top line below the letterhead should be the correct date, followed by one line of space followed by Our Ref space and Your Ref (if relevant) and the address of the recipient.ÂÂ   Following this Urgent/For attentions of in bold (if relevant).ÂÂ   Place one line of space after the recipients address and use a simple, professional greeting and another line of space. Each following paragraph should be separated by a line. Insert one line after the last paragraph, followed by a closing. Leave four lines of space for your signature, and type your name and title.ÂÂ   It is important do either use Full Punctuation or Open Punctuation. Ennis Hospital, Ennis, Co Clare. 18 July 2017 Our Ref: VR/CR Dr Raefel Jones, St Johns Hospital, Alberton Road, Dublin 4. Re: Mrs Helen Brindsley DOB 02/10/65 2 The Maltings, Ennis, Co Clare. Dear Dr Raefel, This lady was admitted to this hospital on 29th June last for investigation of early dementia.ÂÂ   As you know she is vague and disorientated and an abnormal behaviour pattern has been noted both at work and by her family.ÂÂ   There were no abnormal signs on examination.ÂÂ   The investigations arranged showed normal Vitamin B12 metabolism but the results of thyroid function studies are meaningless in view of previous therapy with Tabs Thyroxine. The most significant finding was some cortical atrophy demonstrated by an air encephalogram.ÂÂ   The cerebrospinal fluid examined at the time of the radiological procedure showed a raised protein content of 74 mg per 100 million; there were no cells in the fluid and the sugar content was normal. I think the dementia is the pre-senile variety and I fear the condition will deteriorate.ÂÂ   I have interviewed her husband and made him aware of the prognosis but no doubt you will be seeing him to discuss the matter further and to give him all possible support. Yours sincerely, __________________________ Viictor Radetski FRCP DPM Consultant Psychiatrist It is very important to give special attention when dictating numerical figures and units of measurements.ÂÂ   A minor change in numerical values or units of measurements can harm the patient. Its important that dictated numbers are easily understood by the transcriptionist.ÂÂ   The teen numbers can be confused with ty2 numbers, as in 13/30, 14/40, 15/50, 16/60, 17/70, 18/80 and 19/90.ÂÂ   For example, when you dictate 14, say Fourteen, thats one, four, or 50, say Fifty, thats five, zero.[T1] [iv] Full stops, colons, question marks, dashes, semi colons and exclamation marks are usually dictated. The start of a new paragraph is indicated by the word paragraph. Words to be underscored are dictated and then followed by the instructions underscore; e.g., Please send me details of your personal (underscore personal) computers. Initial capitals are not usually indicated, but if there is a doubt, the following method is used: initial capital/initial capitals e.g., I have a current account with the (initial capital) National Irish Bank. The 24-hour clock is dictated as spoken; e.g., thirteen hundred hours (typed without a full stop) 1300 hours. If you are using open punctuation, there are no full stops in abbreviations.ÂÂ   Even with full punctuation, certain abbreviations do not have full stops.ÂÂ   If for some particular reason the dictator wants stops inserted, he would say, capital letters N stop U stop R stop N.U.R. Bullets are normally used when ranking and order are not important and will not be referenced later.ÂÂ   For example: Application Form Proof of address Numbering is usually used when you need to reference them.ÂÂ   For example: All applicants must provide the following documents: a) Application form b) Proof of address Item b) can be any utility bills, bank statements or letters from government agencies. And if ranking or order (e.g. steps to bake a cake) is important, then it makes sense to use numbering. You can access the Bullet/Numbering key on the Toolbar on the main screen of your Microsoft Word document as show below. [v] Tables are used to lay out information in individual columns and rows within a Word Document.ÂÂ   The point where the column intersects with the row is known as a cell.ÂÂ   To create a table first click onto the Toolbar menu at the top of the page, click on Insert. Below is an example of when at table can be used in Audio Transcription Medical Term Meaning 1 Blood Pressure (BP) The pressure of the blood in the Circulatory System 2 Complete Blood Count (CBC) A blood test used to evaluate overall health and detect any health issues 3 Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) Lung disease characterized by chronic obstruction of lung airflow that interferes with normal breathing and is not fully reversible 4 Deep venous thrombosis (DVT) Blood clot in large vein 5 Fracture (FX) Complete or incomplete break in a bone resulting from the application of excessive force 6 Pulse (P) The rhythmic dilation of an artery that results from beating of the heart 7 Rebound (REB) Rebound tenderness of the abdomen when pushed in and then released. 8 Three times daily (TID) As in taking medicine three times daily 9 Upper Respiratory Infection (URI) Any number of viral or bacterial infection 10 Vital Signs are stable (VSS) From the standpoint of the temperature, blood pressure, and pulse, the patient is doing well. To create a table first click onto the Toolbar menu at the top of the page, click on Insert. Next Click on Tables. i Pull the mouse over the box and it will show up as many columns as needed, when there is enough of the box highlighted just click on the left hand side of the mouse and it will insert a table as below. Now all data can be filled into each column or row as required. Columns are used in a Word Document to change the layout of the page into sections or columns across the page.ÂÂ   This is beneficial if you want to save space on a page and fit more text in.ÂÂ   To set up the columns you go to the page Layout on the Screen and click into it. Click into columns From here select as many columns as you need. Medical Term Meaning 1 Blood Pressure (BP) The pressure of the blood in the Circulatory System 2 Complete Blood Count (CBC) A blood test used to evaluate overall health and detect any health issues 3 Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) Lung disease characterized by chronic obstruction of lung airflow that interferes with normal breathing and is not fully reversible 4 Deep venous thrombosis (DVT) Blood clot in large vein 5 Fracture (FX) Complete or incomplete break in a bone resulting from the application of excessive force 6 Pulse (P) The rhythmic dilation of an artery that results from beating of the heart 7 Rebound (REB) Rebound tenderness of the abdomen when pushed in and then released. 8 Three times daily (TID) As in taking medicine three times daily 9 Upper Respiratory Infection (URI) Any number of viral or bacterial infection 10 Vital Signs are stable (VSS) From the standpoint of the temperature, blood pressure, and pulse, the patient is doing well. [vi] [i] http://www.nthdegreeservices.co.uk/audio-transcription-in-newcastle.html [ii] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Monthly_Index_of_Medical_Specialities [iii] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thesaurus [iv] https://www.2ascribe.com/articles/dictation-tips/dictating-numbers-and-dates [v] http://ell.stackexchange.com/questions/16246/in-formal-writing-when-to-use-bullets-and-when-the-numbers [vi] http://www.medicinenet.com/list_of_common_medical_abbreviations_and_terminology-page6/views.htm [T0]The spacing in this letter is too big keep example on one page [T1]This is irrelevant you are writing about the transcriptionist [T2]This is not about word processing you need to describe what tables and columns might be used for in audio transcription